ISO 17751-2:2023 テキスタイル — カシミヤ、ウール、その他の特殊動物繊維およびその混紡繊維の定量分析 — Part 2: 走査型電子顕微鏡法 | ページ 2

Foreword

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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives ).

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 248, Textile and textile products, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17751-2:2016), which has been technically revised.

The main changes are as follows:

• 3.1, a note to different types of speciality animal fibres has been added;
• 3.6, a note to entry and a new Figure 1 have been added to indicate the distal edge, and subsequent figures have been renumbered;
• a new term, 3.11 warping angle, has been added;
• a new Clause 5 titled “reagents and materials” and its content has been separated from former clause;
• a new Clause 6 titled “Apparatus” has been added and its contents have been renumbered, subsequent clause and subclause numbers are changed accordingly;
• Clause 7 retitled “Sampling” has been added and its content has been rephrased to match with the property adjustment of Annex A;
• 8.1, the numbers of test specimen sets and test specimen stubs have been increased;
• the title of 8.2 (former 6.2) has been changed from “Preparation method for test specimens of various types of samples” to “Preparation method for test specimens”;
• 8.2.4.1, missing information on marking of masses of warp and weft yarns and laboratory sample has been supplemented;
• the title of Clause 9 has been changed to “Procedure”;
• 9.1 titled “General” and its content has been added;
• the title of 9.2 has been changed from “Test on each test specimen stub” to “Preparation and test on test specimen stubs”;
• the title of 9.3 has been changed from “Qualitative analysis (Purity analysis) and determination of fibre content” to “Qualitative analysis (Purity analysis)”;
• 9.4 titled “Quantitative analysis” has been added, number of fibre snippets to be examined and measured are changed due to the change of number of test specimen stubs;
• the title of Clause 10 has been changed from “Calculation of test result” to “Calculation and expression of test result”;
• 10.1 “Calculation of test result” has been added;
• 10.2 “Expression of test result” has been added;
• Clause 11 titled “Test report” and its contents have been added;
• the status of Annex A has been changed from informative to normative;
• Annex C, density of some fibres has been modified and the density of coarse rabbit has been added;
• Annex C, a table footnote has been added to coarse angora or rabbit;
• two references have been added in the bibliography.

A list of all parts in the ISO 17751 series can be found on the ISO website.

Introduction

Cashmere is a high value speciality animal fibre, but cashmere and other animal wool fibres such as sheep’s wool, yak, camel, etc., exhibit great similarities in their physical and chemical properties, so that their fibre blends are difficult to distinguish from each other by both mechanical and chemical methods. In addition, these fibres show similar scale structures. It is very difficult to accurately determine the fibre content of such fibre blends by current testing means.

Research on the accurate identification of cashmere fibres has been a long undertaking. At present, the most widely used and reliable techniques include the light microscopy (LM) method and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method.

• The advantage of LM method is that the internal medullation and pigmentation of fibres can be observed; the disadvantage is that some subtle surface structures cannot be clearly displayed. A decolouring process needs to be carried out on dark samples for testing, while improper decolouring process can affect the judgment of fibre analyst.
• The SEM method shows complementary characteristics to those of LM method, so some types of fibres need to be identified by scanning electron microscope.

The LM and SEM methods need be used together to identify some difficult-to-identify samples in order to utilize the advantages of both methods.

It has been proven in practice that the accuracy of a fibre analysis is highly related to the ample experience, full understanding, and extreme familiarity of the fibre analyst to the surface morphology of various types of animal fibres. In addition to textual descriptions, micrographs of different types of animal fibres are given in Annex B.

1 Scope

This document specifies a method for the identification, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of cashmere, wool, other speciality animal fibres, and their blends using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

It is applicable to loose fibres, intermediate products, and final products of cashmere, wool, other speciality animal fibres, and their blends.

2 Normative references

There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

3.6

scale height

height of the cuticle at the scale’s (3.4) distal edge

Note 1 to entry: The distal edge is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 — Distal edge

Key

1	distal edge

Bibliography