ISO 10890:2010 塗料とワニス—物質収支計算による防汚塗料からの殺生物剤放出率のモデリング | ページ 2

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 10890 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes.

Introduction

The actual release rate of biocides from antifouling paints on ships' hulls into the environment will depend on many factors, such as ship operating schedules, length of service, berthing conditions, paint condition, as well as the temperature, salinity, pH, pollutants and biological community in a particular area. However, based on knowledge of the composition of the paint and its specified lifetime and application thickness, an estimate of the mean biocide release rate from an antifouling paint over its specified lifetime can be obtained by the mass-balance calculation method described in this International Standard. The calculation also allows an estimate to be obtained of the cumulative mass of biocide released over the first 14 days, and also the total mass of biocide released over the specified lifetime.

This method is intended to provide estimates of the amount of biocide released into the environment that are more suitable for use in environmental risk assessments than the results of laboratory-based test methods, such as ISO 15181 (all parts) ^[1] , ASTM D6442 ^[2] and ASTM D6903 ^[3] . Biocide release rate data is a key input to the environmental risk assessment process for antifouling products, and so it is vital that the estimated biocide release rate that is used be both accurate and representative of the release rate to the environment in the relevant scenario and risk assessment case. In comparison with in situ biocide release rate values obtained by either direct or indirect measurements of the organotin and copper release rate from ships' hulls and from measurements made on panels exposed in harbours, all available data indicate that the results obtained using this calculation method overestimate the release rates of biocides under environmentally relevant in-service conditions. Published results demonstrate that the results of this calculation method are generally higher than direct in situ measurements of copper release rate from the hulls of harboured ships by a factor of about 4 or more for several commercial antifouling coatings ^[4] . A similar relationship is expected to be found for other biocides. Where the results of this calculation method are used in the process of generating environmental risk assessments, producing environmental loading estimates or for regulatory purposes, it is most strongly recommended that the relationship between calculated release rates and actual environmental inputs be taken into account to allow the most accurate and representative estimate of the biocide release rate from antifouling coatings under real-life conditions to be obtained. This can be accomplished through the application of appropriate correction factors ^[4] .

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies a method for estimating the mean release rate of biocide from an antifouling paint over its entire lifetime (in-service period) using a mass-balance calculation. If required, the cumulative total release of biocide over the first 14 days of the specified paint lifetime can also be calculated.

This International Standard is applicable to any antifouling paint that releases a biocide. Where an antifouling paint releases, or is assumed to release, more than one biocide, the calculation can be repeated to allow estimates of the release rate of each biocide to be obtained.

The calculated estimate of the total amount of biocide released by the coating over its lifetime can be considered as a worst case for the maximum amount released to the environment, and so the calculated mean release rate value should also be considered as the maximum possible mean release rate over the lifetime of the paint.

The calculated estimates are suitable for use in general environmental risk assessments, and the application of appropriate correction factors will allow the most accurate and representative environmental risk assessment to be made in the relevant scenario and risk assessment case ^[4] .

There are no minimum or maximum limiting values of release rate which restrict the use of this method.

This International Standard is primarily directed towards the release of biocide from antifouling paints that have been applied to ship and boat hulls. It can, however, also be used for estimating biocide release from antifouling paints that have been applied to other objects.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

Bibliography