ISO 12138:2017 テキスタイル — 可燃性試験前のテキスタイルファブリックの国内洗濯手順 | ページ 2

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, Subcommittee SC 2, Cleansing, finishing and water resistance tests.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12138:1996), which has been technically revised.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

• The text was updated to use the washing machine technology currently available. Referenced herein, ISO 6330:2012 incorporated significant changes to washing machines compared to its previous editions. This second edition of ISO 12138 incorporates those updates, throughout.
• Additionally, this second edition incorporates a reference to ISO 139, which provides direction for atmospheric conditioning prior to flammability testing.

Introduction

The methods specified in this document provide standardized domestic laundering procedures for use prior to assessing the likely flammability behaviour of textile materials. The methods are based on ISO 6330:2012 but incorporate several additional features which ensure that certain critical parameters are more closely controlled. Alternative procedures for commercial laundering prior to assessing the flammability of textile fabrics are given in ISO 10528.

Because of the wide variety of laundering methods used domestically, it is impossible to specify a standard laundering procedure which will reproduce the effect of laundering under all possible conditions. The methods specified, however, can be used to detect which materials are adversely affected by domestic laundering under conditions which are appropriate for the material being laundered. Such adverse effects are not restricted to textiles which have been treated with flame retardants.

The flammability of textile materials can be affected by a combination of different results:

• fibre content;
• effect of mechanical finishing/surface texture changes;
• shrinkage or growth of the material, causing a change in mass per unit area;
• abrasion of the material, causing a decrease in mass per unit area;
• removal of finishes;
• chemical modification of the fibre or finish;
• deposition of hard-water salts;
• including application of softeners in the rinse cycle;
• moisture content of the product under flammability evaluation.

The various factors in these test methods are controlled in order to standardize all these effects as far as possible. The essential features specified in the methods are:

• a) water hardness;

A medium water-hardness level is specified in order to ensure that any major effects caused by deposition or chemical modification are detected. Different procedures for preparing this hard water are given, depending on the hardness of the initial water supply.

• b) degree of loading and composition of load;

These factors influence the mechanical action of the washing machine and the deposition results.

• c) volumes of liquor used for washing and rinsing;

The liquor:fabric ratio affects the mechanical action and the deposition results. In addition, it is essential to know the volumes of water being used in order to make any necessary adjustments to the water hardness.

• d) type and quantity of detergent;

The use of a standard nonphosphate detergent containing sodium percarbonate and a bleach activator is recommended because of the increasing use of this type of detergent. The detergent used shall be agreed between the interested parties. The detergent can affect the chemical modification of a material or finish by its bleaching action, and also affects the deposition because of the sequestering effect of the nonphosphate builders included in the formulation.

• e) wash temperatures;

Four standard wash temperatures are specified so that the appropriate temperature for the material being laundered can be selected.

• f) degree of agitation;

The heating period can vary considerably depending on the inlet water temperature and the heating capacity of the washing machine. Reduced agitation is used during filling and heating in order to avoid variations in mechanical action. Normal agitation is specified for the 12-min washing period for washes at 50 °C and 60 °C, but reduced agitation is used during the washing period for 30 °C and 40 °C washes.

• g) rinsing procedure;

A standard rinsing procedure is specified, as rinsing can have considerable influence on the deposition of hard-water salts. Fabric softeners added to the rinse are not used in this method.

• h) washing machine.

The methods as presented allow the use of three different types of washing machine. As far as possible the same laundering conditions have been specified for each type of machine. The degree of loading is 60 g per litre of drum volume, and the detergent quantity is 20 g per kilogram of wash load. For horizontal drum machines (Type A), the liquor:fabric ratio is 5,0:1,0 for washing and 9,0:1,0 for rinsing.

The mechanical action and the liquor:fabric ratio (20:1) used in the vertical drum machine (Types B and C) are different from those used in the Type A machines. Experience indicates that testing with this type of machine is equally effective in detecting finish removal, although mechanical effects and deposition results may be different.

1 Scope

This document specifies methods for repeated domestic laundering at selected wash temperatures prior to assessing flammability behaviour of textile materials. The washing machines and procedures specified are based on those given in ISO 6330:2012, but specific requirements are provided for water hardness and volumes, detergent type and quantity, machine loading and degree of agitation.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography