ISO 13073-2:2013 船舶と海洋技術 — 船舶の防汚システムのリスク評価 — Part 2: 生物殺菌活性物質を使用した船舶の防汚システムの海洋環境リスク評価方法 | ページ 2

Foreword

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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, SC 2, Marine environment protection.

ISO 13073 consists of the following parts, under the general title Marine environment protection — Risk assessment on anti-fouling systems on ships:

• Part 1: Marine environmental risk assessment method of biocidally active substances used for anti-fouling systems on ships
• Part 2: Marine environmental risk assessment method for anti-fouling systems on ships using biocidally active substances
• Part 3: Human health risk assessment for the application and removal of anti-fouling systems (under development)

Introduction

The attachment of fouling organisms such as barnacles and algae on the submerged parts of a ship's hull increases the propulsive resistance of the hull against water, leading to increased fuel consumption and accidental introduction of non-indigenous species to a foreign marine environment, which may cause significant and harmful changes. As a means of preventing such circumstances, an anti-fouling system that relies on biocidally active substances (e.g. anti-fouling paint) to prevent attachment of fouling organisms can be applied onto the hull of the ship. The harmful effects of organotin compounds used as biocides (historically used in anti-fouling paint) on marine organisms and human health have been of global concern. To prevent the continued use of these compounds, a legally-binding international framework regulating the use of anti-fouling systems containing harmful substances was enacted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Consequently, the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships (the AFS Convention) was adopted at the IMO diplomatic conference held in London in October 2001, and entered into force in September 2008.

The Convention envisages handling various harmful anti-fouling systems within its framework and lays out a process by which anti-fouling systems can be risk assessed. Annexes 2 and 3 of the Convention include the list of information needed to determine whether an anti-fouling system is harmful to the environment and should be restricted from use on ships, but a marine environmental risk assessment method for making this decision is not provided. Furthermore, Resolution 3, adopted by IMO along with the AFS Convention recommends that contracting Parties continue to work in appropriate international fora for harmonization of test methods and assessment methodologies, and performance standards for anti-fouling systems containing biocidally active substance(s).

Based on this, there is a global need for an international method for conducting scientific environmental risk assessments for anti-fouling systems substituting organotin-based anti-fouling systems. This part of 13073 allows a pragmatic approach to introducing systems (i.e., self-regulation or approval systems) in countries where either no system exists, or a less developed system is in place and would allow such countries to improve protection of the aquatic environment.

1 Scope

This part of ISO 13073 specifies a risk assessment method that protects the marine environment from the potential negative impacts of anti-fouling systems intentionally using biocidally active substances applied to a ship during its service life. This method can also be modified for use in freshwater environments.

This part of ISO 13073 does not provide specific test methods for evaluating the hazards nor recommends usage restrictions for certain anti-fouling systems. It also does not provide an efficacy-evaluation method of the anti-fouling system using a specific substance.

The following uses of anti-fouling systems are also not covered by this part of ISO 13073:

• use at the application and removal stages, during new building, vessel maintenance and repair or ship recycling;
• use of systems intended to control harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in ships’ ballast water and sediments according to the International Convention for The Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004;
• use of anti-fouling systems applied to fishing gear, buoys and floats used for the purpose of fishing, and to equipment used in fisheries and aquaculture (nets/cages, etc.); and
• test patches of anti-fouling systems on ships and small panels for the purposes of research and development of anti-fouling systems.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13073-1 and the following apply.

Bibliography