ISO 14505-4:2021 熱環境の人間工学—車両の熱環境の評価—パート4：数値マネキンによる相当温度の決定 | ページ 2

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment.

A list of all parts in the ISO 14505 series can be found on the ISO website.

Introduction

The interaction of convective, radiant and conductive heat exchange in a vehicle compartment or similar confined space is highly complex. External thermal loads in combination with the air conditioning system in a vehicle compartment create non-uniform thermal environments, which are often the main cause of complaints of thermal discomfort. In vehicles with poor or non-existent air conditioning systems, non-uniform thermal environments can also be created by the interaction between the ambient climatic conditions and vehicle structures. While a subjective evaluation reflects the total sensations of a human body, these often incur great costs while the study phase is being conducted. Physical measurements provide detailed and accurate local information; however, these results must be integrated in some way to predict the thermal effects on humans. Furthermore, since specific climatic factors sometimes play a dominant role in the overall heat exchange of a human body, an evaluation method that accounts for the relative importance of these factors is required.

This document is part of the ISO 14505 series. To meet the above-stated requirements, this document provides calculation methods that utilize numerical simulations to assess the total thermal environment of vehicles. The equivalent temperature, obtained from measurements taken using a thermal manikin, is defined in ISO 14505-2. This document extends the definition of the ISO 14505 series to include numerical evaluation when this document is used in conjunction with the equivalent temperature defined in ISO 14505-2.

As described in ISO 14505-2, an equivalent temperature can be utilized in the assessment of vehicle cabins and other various enclosed spaces with non-uniform environments. As is the case for ISO 14505-2, this document can also be applied to vehicle cabins and other enclosed spaces.

This document supposes that the ISO 14505 series will be applied to various situations, such as:

• the case of experimental facilities that are not prepared;
• the case of prototypes that are incomplete;
• the case of conditions that are difficult to simulate in controlled experimental settings;
• the case that occupants are extrapolated to unknown or virtual environments.

1 Scope

This document provides guidelines for extending the definition of equivalent temperature to predictive purposes and specifies a standard prediction method for the assessment of thermal comfort in vehicles using numerical calculations. Specifically, this document sets forth a simulated numerical manikin as a viable alternative to the thermal manikin for the purpose of calculating the equivalent temperature.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13731 and ISO 14505-2 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography