ISO 14649-12:2005 産業オートメーションシステムと統合—物理デバイス制御—コンピューター化された数値コントローラーのデータモデル—パート12：旋削加工のプロセスデータ | ページ 2

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 14649-12 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.

ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:

• Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
• Part 10: General process data
• Part 11: Process data for milling
• Part 12: Process data for turning
• Part 111: Tools for milling machines
• Part 121: Tools for turning machines

Gaps in the numbering were left to allow further additions. ISO 14649-10 is the ISO 10303 Application Reference Model (ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added after part 10.

ISO 14649 is harmonized with ISO 10303 in the common field of Product Data over the whole life cycle.

Introduction

Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment from hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred between the various facilities and machines. Today's digital communications standards have solved the problem of reliably transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of product data has been standardized by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data throughout the entire process chain in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realizing this principle are the data formats used at the machine level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are programmed in the ISO 6983"G and M code" language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computeraided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits program portability for three reasons. First, the language focuses on programming the tool center path with respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with respect to the part. Second, the standard defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the limited scope of ISO 6983.

ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces ISO 6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine tool motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level machining features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to axis motion and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO 10303. As ISO 14649 provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used as the basis for a bi- and multidirectional data exchange between all other information technology systems.

ISO 14649 represents an object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming, that supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular movements. As it is object- and feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not machine dependent axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility will spare all data adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC controllers. If old NC programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters shall be able to process the different NC program types in parallel.

ISO TC 184/SC 1/WG 7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy"G and M codes" manually or through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical user interfaces. This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent. Therefore, ISO 14649 does not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the effectiveness of the standard.

Figure 1 of ISO 14649-1 shows the different fields of standardization between ISO 14649, ISO 10303 and CNC manufacturers with respect to implementation and software development.

1 Scope

This part of ISO 14649 specifies the technology specific data elements needed as process data for turning. Together with the general process data described in ISO 14649-10, it describes the interface between a computerized numerical controller and the programming system (i.e. CAM system or shop floor programming system) for turning. It can be used for turning operations on all types of machines including turning machine or lathe, or turning centers. In this version, feature and operation data models for conventional turning, involving only x and z movements, are covered. Features and operations for the composite machining including caxis operation will be covered in the later version of this document or in a separate document. Also, the scope of this part of ISO 14649 does not include any other technologies, like milling, grinding, contour cutting, or EDM. These technologies will be described in other parts of the ISO 14649 series.

The subject of the turning schema, which is described in this document, is the definition of technology specific data types representing machining features and processes for turning operation on lathes. Not included in this schema are representations, executable objects, and base classes which are common for all technologies. They are referenced from ISO 10303's generic resources and ISO 14649-10. The description of process data is done using the EXPRESS language as defined in ISO 10303-11. The encoding of the data is done using ISO 10303-21.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14649-10 and the following apply.