ISO 15148:2002 建材および製品の湿熱性能—部分浸漬による吸水係数の決定 | ページ 2

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 15148 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the built-up environment, Subcommittee SC 1, Test and measurement methods, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

Throughout the text of this document, read"...this European Standard..." to mean"...this International Standard...".

Annex ZA forms a normative part of this International Standard. Annex A is for information only.

Foreword

This document EN ISO 15148:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89"Thermal performance of buildings and building components", the secretariat of which is held by SIS, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 163"Thermal insulation".

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2003.

This standard is one of a series of standards which specify test methods for the thermal and moisture related properties of building materials and products.

Annex A is informative, annex ZA is normative.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction

The movement of moisture within hygroscopic capillary building materials is a combination of vapour and liquid flows which have complex interactions with the temperature and humidity gradients and the properties of the materials present. Three stages can be identified.

• a) At very low humidities transport is by vapour diffusion alone and the permeability can be derived from dry-cup tests, defined in ISO 12572.
• b) At higher relative humidities in the hygroscopic region, up to about 95 % relative humidity, there is a mixture of gas and water filled pores with simultaneous flows of vapour and liquid. The increasing liquid flow causes the exponentially increasing permeability measured by cup tests under isothermal conditions. However, under practical, non-isothermal conditions this liquid flow could increase, or decrease, the total mass flow.
• c) Above about 95 % relative humidity, depending on the material, the total mass transport is governed by transport in the liquid phase. This is the situation that arises when a material is dipped in water or severely wetted e.g. by driving rain. The water moves under the hydraulic pressure, the negative suction pressure. After the water source is removed, the hydraulic pressure ceases and the liquid is redistributed within the material at a different rate (stages b) and c) do not necessarily apply to all hygroscopic materials).

Methods are currently being developed in research laboratories to quantify capillary transport and measure the relevant coefficients. At present, however, these involve sophisticated measuring techniques such as gamma ray and neutron absorption or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy together with complex mathematical methods to analyse the results: comparisons between laboratories have shown that further work is needed to develop standard techniques. It will, therefore, be a number of years before it is possible to standardise such methods - see annex A for further information.

At present it is possible to standardise the measurement of the absorption of liquid water into the surface of a material, which gives an indicator of its liquid transport performance.

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies a method for determining, by partial immersion with no temperature gradient, the short-term liquid water absorption coefficient. It is intended to assess the rate of absorption of water, by capillary action from continuous or driving rain during on site storage or construction, by insulating and other materials, which are normally protected. The method is suitable for renders or coatings tested in conjunction with the substrate on which they are normally mounted.

It is not intended to assess the absorption of water by materials used under water or in overall contact with saturated ground ここで, a total immersion test is more appropriate.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

3 Terms and definitions

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9346 and the following apply.

3.2 Symbols and units

Bibliography