ISO 18232:2006 健康情報学—メッセージとコミュニケーション—長さが制限されたグローバルに一意の文字列識別子の形式 | ページ 2

3.1 用語と定義

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 18232 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.

Introduction

Data objects used in medicine include reports and results of diagnostic procedures which are stored and exchanged in electronic form, and objects such as templates. Applications must be able to find the location and the identification of such objects. Object identifiers are often numeric in form. This International Standard provides a means of exchanging globally unique identifiers expressed as character strings. It is not concerned with the specification of the location from which a data object may be retrieved.

A healthcare service for a patient is delivered in identifiable parts which may be termed healthcare service items. A healthcare service item can be performed for a patient by a healthcare professional, or a healthcare professional may request a healthcare service item to be performed by another healthcare professional or by a healthcare service department such as a medical imaging service department.

Healthcare service item results arise from numerical measurement or assessment by a healthcare professional. Individual numerical results may be included within report text, perhaps in a table. Sets of numerical results may be presented visually e.g. waveform (graph) or image (picture).

Results that consist of a large number of measured values such as a waveform or digital image are known as data objects.

To allow safe use in medicine, all data objects must be identified by a globally unique identifier (GUI), such as an ISO OID or binary MS GUI. The GUI allocated to a data object is attached to the data object (e.g. by including it within a computer file header section). The reference to a data object includes the GUI of the data object as well as the path to the data object. The application that retrieves the data object can verify that the correct data have been retrieved by matching the GUI in the reference to the GUI attached to the data object. See Annex A for relevant scenarios.

It may be noted that:

• a) the issue of the location of a data object is separate from the issue of its identity; indeed several identical copies of the object may exist;
• b) a globally unique data object identifier is intended for machine use and may be quite large;
• c) a short, user-friendly, locally unique identifier is often required in addition to the globally unique identifier for human use. (This is outside the scope of this International Standard.)

Globally unique identifiers are already specified in various standards and the intention of this International Standard is to provide a specification for a common format for the exchange of commonly used globally unique identifiers expressed as alphanumeric strings.

A logical data format for globally unique identifiers constructed from a sequence of integers is defined by ISO/IEC 8824-1. Identifiers based on ISO/IEC 8824-1 are widely used in medical imaging. 128 bit universal unique identifiers (UUIDs) are widely used in the MS Windows environment. This International Standard specifies the format of alphanumeric string fields for the exchange of globally unique string identifiers (GUSI)

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies the encoding and length for globally unique identifiers for data objects used in healthcare exchanged as alphanumeric strings.

The technologies used for data storage, location and communication are outside the scope of this International Standard.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

3.2 Abbreviated terms