ISO 18604:2013 包装と環境—マテリアルリサイクル | ページ 2

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 18604 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 4, Packaging and environment.

Introduction

Packaging plays a critical role in almost every industry, every sector, and every supply chain. Appropriate packaging is essential to prevent loss of goods and, as a result, decrease impact on the environment. Effective packaging makes a positive contribution towards achieving a sustainable society by, e.g.:

• a) meeting consumer needs and expectations for the protection of goods, safety, handling, and information;
• b) efficiently using resources and limiting environmental impact;
• c) saving costs in the distribution and merchandising of goods.

An environmental assessment of packaging should include the manufacturing and distribution system, the wastage of packaging material and goods, the relevant collection systems, as well as recovery or disposal operations. This group of ISO standards and supporting reports provides a set of procedures which aim to:

• d) reduce environmental impact;
• e) support innovation in product, packaging, and the supply chain;
• f) avoid undue restrictions on the use of packaging;
• g) prevent barriers and restrictions to trade.

A packaging should be designed to provide a number of functions for users and producers such as: containment, protection, information, convenience, unitization, handling, delivery, or presentation of goods. A major role of packaging is prevention of damage to, or loss of goods. (See ISO 18601, Annex A for a list of the functions of packaging.)

ISO 18601 defines the interrelationships within the family of ISO standards which cover the environmental impact of packaging throughout its life cycle (see Figure 1). These standards will help define whether the selected packaging can be optimized and whether the packaging needs to be modified to ensure it can be reused or recovered after use.

Demonstration that the requirements of these standards are met can be performed by first party (manufacturer or supplier), second party (user or purchaser), or the support of third party.

There are different methods to which public claims on the environmental attributes of packaging are discussed. Some of these are technical aspects on reuse or recovery, others relate to access by the population to reuse or recovery systems or the amount of packaging placed on the market for recovery. This series of standards addresses the technical aspects of packaging. They do not address the requirements of ISO 14021 needed to support a claim or label.

This International Standard does not use the term “and/or” but instead, the term “or” is used as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or both.

Figure 1 — Relationship of the Packaging and environment standards

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies the requirements for packaging to be classified as recoverable in the form of material recycling while accommodating the continuing development of both packaging and recovery technologies and sets out procedures for assessment of meeting the requirements of this International Standard.

This International Standard cannot by itself provide presumption of meeting the requirements. The procedure for applying this International Standard is contained in ISO 18601.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 21067 and ISO 18601 and the following apply.

Bibliography