ISO 19594:2017 グラフィックテクノロジー—完全に結合した製品の結合強度を決定するための試験方法—上向きに機能するページプルテスト | ページ 2

Foreword

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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.

Introduction

Perfect binding is the most frequently used block-binding technique for brochures and books. The page-pull test, the only established method for the quality assessment of perfect bindings available today, plays an important role in the process control and quality verification.

The page-pull test has historically been performed using different procedures and devices. Test results^[5] showed significant variations between devices. This document aims to harmonize the testing procedure, the testing equipment and the evaluation of the test results.

Within a research project, the following essential test parameters were identified as influencing the test results of page-pull tests^[1]:

• test position (front, middle or rear part of the book block);
• specimen alignment in relation to the pull force direction;
• specimen opening and fixing during the page-pull test.

There are many products showing homogeneous test results independent of the test position. However, there are also products showing differences within the book block, even including sheet-to-sheet deviations. Therefore, it is recommended that there should be agreement on page-specific test positions and that these should be communicated with the particular results.

Book blocks show large differences in their opening behaviour. Products with a significant clamp usually show no differences of the test sheet alignment in different test positions. Products with a good lay-flat behaviour usually show significant bending of the test sheet in the area of the spine if tested in a non-centered test position. To avoid known measurement errors, a straight alignment of the test sheet is essential. A technical means to ensure this is the possibility to tilt the opened book block depending on the particular test position.

Non-specified loads on specimens need to be avoided to ensure the absence of preliminary stress on the binding. Therefore, the opening process of the specimen needs to be controlled. The opening angle of the specimen may be standardized by the shape of a book block opening device. The intensity of the opening is determined by the force applied during the opening process and the shape of the device. These settings influence the degree of freedom of movement of the specimen during the page-pull test procedure and thus the warping of the spine. A too low degree of freedom leads to an unrealistically frequent occurrence of paper ruptures, while the opposite may lead to a lifting of the whole book block. The provisions for the opening and fixing of the specimen are realized within this document by the definition of the shape and the force of a downholder. These settings have a significant influence on the test results.

The page-pull speed within a reasonable range, shows no significant influence on the test results. Therefore, in harmonization with ISO 1924-2, the page-pull speed was chosen to be 20 mm/min. This condition results in a non-linear force development during the test.

The test results need to be evaluated in a consistent manner. An evaluation schema that has been proven by long industry practice is given in Annex A.

Devices performing the page-pull test by pulling downwards create different measurement values from those pulling upwards. This results from the different block positioning due to gravity and the mass of the book block.

The pull test described in this document was developed to ensure a high level of reproducibility and comparability between laboratories. For internal quality assurance during production, devices with a lesser degree of comparability may be used.

1 Scope

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the binding strength of perfect-bound products by pulling out single sheets from the book block in an upward direction.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography