ISO 22327:2018 セキュリティと回復力—緊急事態管理—コミュニティベースの地滑り早期警報システムの実装に関するガイドライン | ページ 2

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 292, Security and resilience.

Introduction

Landslides are one of the most widespread and commonly occurring natural hazards. Landslides may occur in different types of topographic and geologic settings. The occurrence of landslides may increase significantly due to uncontrolled land use development and human interference into unstable slopes. In many countries, landslides cause substantial socio-economical losses.

Landslide mitigation can be carried out both by structural and non-structural efforts. Structural mitigation includes adjustment of slope geometry, slope reinforcement, and protection and improvement of drainage systems, all of which require a high cost. The alternative option of relocation is not practical for residents living in areas prone to landslides. As a result, the most effective disaster risk reduction can be achieved by non-structural mitigation through improvement of the community’s preparedness by implementing an early warning system.

The goal of the development of a community-based early warning system is to empower individuals and communities who are vulnerable to hazards to act in sufficient time and in appropriate ways to reduce the possibility of injury, loss of life and damage to property and the environment. The implementation of a community-based early warning system is consistent with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction of 2015–2030^[14]. The fourth priority of the framework emphasizes the improvement of preparedness in order to respond effectively to a disaster, by implementing an early warning system and improving the dissemination of information about early warning of natural disasters at local, national, regional and international levels.

According to UN-ISDR^[15], a complete and effective early warning system consists of four interrelated key elements:

• a) risk knowledge;
• b) monitoring and warning service;
• c) dissemination and communication;
• d) response capability.

The implementation of a community-based early warning system takes into account the correlation between a strong bond and effective communication channels among all of these elements.

Demographic, social, economic and cultural aspects are most often left out in the implementation of early warning systems, compared to other technical aspects. Early warning system guidelines promote the role of the community and social aspects in general. Efforts to train people to respond to the warnings should be followed up by experts/researchers and by decision-makers at local and national levels.

By referring to the four key elements of community-based early warning system, this document for a landslide early warning system promotes uniformity in the development and implementation of early warning systems and will improve the preparedness of the communities vulnerable to landslides.

1 Scope

This document gives guidelines for a landslide early warning system. It provides a definition, aims to improve understanding, describes methods and procedures to be implemented, and gives examples of types of activities.

It is applicable to communities vulnerable to landslides, without taking secondary effects into consideration.

It recognizes population behaviour response planning as a key part of the preparedness.

It takes into account the approach of ISO 22315 and provides additional specifications for landslides.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography