ISO 3146:2022 プラスチック—キャピラリーチューブおよび偏光顕微鏡法による半結晶性ポリマーの融解挙動（融解温度または融解範囲）の決定 | ページ 2

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, 2 (see www.iso.org/directives ).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents ).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html .

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-chemical properties, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 3146:2000), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 3146:2000/Cor 1:2002.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

• the specifications of the apparatus and measurement procedure have been revised;
• the table of calibration standards has been revised by adding further entries, synonyms and CAS numbers of organic chemicals, correcting errors and modifying melting temperatures according to added references.

Introduction

The melting behaviour of a crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer is a structure-sensitive property.

In polymers, a sharp melting point, such as is observed for low molecular mass substances, usually does not occur; instead, a melting temperature range is observed on heating, from the first change of shape of the solid particles to the transformation into a highly viscous or viscoelastic liquid, with accompanying disappearance of the crystalline phase. The melting range depends upon a number of parameters, such as molecular mass, molecular mass distribution, per cent crystallinity, and thermodynamic properties.

The melting range can also depend on experimental parameters such as previous thermal history of the specimen, heating or cooling rate, etc. The lower or upper limit of the melting range, or its average value, is sometimes conventionally referred to as the “melting temperature”.

The melting temperatures determined by different methods can differ by several kelvins for above reasons.

1 Scope

This document specifies two methods for evaluating the melting behaviour of semi-crystalline polymers.

• a) Method A: Capillary tube

This method is based on the changes in shape of the polymer. It is applicable to all semi-crystalline polymers and their compounds.

• b) Method B: Polarizing microscope

This method is based on changes in the optical properties of the polymer. It is applicable to polymers containing a birefringent crystalline phase. It might not be suitable for plastics compounds containing pigments and/or other additives which can interfere with the birefringence of the polymeric crystalline zone.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography