ISO 6721-11:2019 プラスチック—動的機械特性の決定—パート11：ガラス転移温度 | ページ 2

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-chemical properties.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6721-11:2012), which has been technically revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

• the scope has been revised to specify suitable materials more accurately;
• definitions of specific points in DMA curves have been extended;
• reference to quality assurance purposes have been deleted;
• several methods have been introduced for evaluation of the glass transition temperature;
• the procedure for determination of heat dependent results has been revised;
• curves of storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor have been added to the test report;
• the temperature calibration procedure has been revised;
• additional temperature reference specimen for different loading modes has been introduced.

A list of all parts in the ISO 6721 series can be found on the ISO website.

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Introduction

This document covers the use of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) procedures, in the temperature scanning mode, to determine a value for the glass transition temperature of plastics. It provides an alternative procedure to the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (see ISO 11357-2)^[1] for this measurement.

DMA is used to determine the variation of the storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor as a function of temperature and frequency. From these data, a value for the glass transition temperature is determined. Many types of commercial equipment are available that use this technique, and, in principle, it applies to all the loading modes described in ISO 6721-1.

The procedures minimize errors due to thermal lag of the specimen, which varies with the heating rate used, through assuming the specimen temperature is given by the measured oven temperature^[2]. This eliminates the need for the temperature of the specimen to be measured directly by, for example, a thermocouple embedded in the specimen.

1 Scope

This document specifies methods for determining a value of the glass transition temperature (T_g) from the dynamic mechanical properties measured during a linear temperature scan under heating conditions. The glass transition temperature is an indicator of the transition from a hard and relatively brittle glassy state to a rubbery or viscous liquid state in an amorphous polymer or in amorphous regions of a partially crystalline polymer.

Usually referred to as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the methods and their associated procedures can be applied to unreinforced and filled polymers, foams, rubbers, adhesives and fibre-reinforced plastics/composites. The methods are limited to materials that are inherently stable above T_g, i.e. amorphous materials that transform into a rubbery state or partially crystalline materials that keep their shape due to crystallinity.

Different modes (e.g. flexure, torsion, shear, compression, tension) of dynamic mechanical analysis can be applied, as appropriate, to the form of the source material.

Measured T_g values using instrumentation can vary as a result of material characteristics and/or the test set-up. The temperature sensor in a DMA instrument is not in contact with the test specimen and therefore measures temperature of the environment surrounding the specimen under test. The resulting data can vary with the heating rate applied. A procedure is included to take into account the thermal lag influencing the measured data.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472, ISO 6721-1 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography