ISO 8260:2008 ミルクおよび乳製品—有機塩素系農薬およびポリクロロビフェニルの測定—電子捕獲型検出器を備えたキャピラリー気液クロマトグラフィーを使用する方法 | ページ 2

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 8260|IDF 130 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 5, Milk and milk products, and the International Dairy Federation (IDF). It is being published jointly by ISO and IDF.

Foreword

IDF (the International Dairy Federation) is a non-profit organization representing the dairy sector worldwide. IDF membership comprises National Committees in every member country as well as regional dairy associations having signed a formal agreement on cooperation with IDF. All members of IDF have the right to be represented on the IDF Standing Committees carrying out the technical work. IDF collaborates with ISO in the development of standard methods of analysis and sampling for milk and milk products.

Draft International Standards adopted by the Action Teams and Standing Committees are circulated to the National Committees for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 50 % of the IDF National Committees casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. IDF shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 8260|IDF 130 was prepared by the International Dairy Federation (IDF) and Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 5, Milk and milk products. It is being published jointly by IDF and ISO.

All work was carried out by the Joint IDF-ISO Action Team on Organic contaminants of the Standing Committee on Analytical methods for additives and contaminants under the aegis of its project leader, Mr. R. de Knegt (NL).

ISO 8260|IDF 130:2008 cancels and replaces IDF 130A:1991, which has been technically revised.

Introduction

This International Standard is intended for use in the research, monitoring and control of organochlorine compounds in milk and milk products by isolation of these compounds.

In the past, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were generally determined by “empirical” methods, most of which used “peak pattern comparison” employing gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection (GLC-ECD) and packed columns. For reference compounds, mixtures produced by perchlorination to decachlorobiphenyl (and GLC-ECD determination) or dechlorination to biphenyl were used. The determination was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) or by gas-liquid chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GLC-FID).

The aforementioned techniques have three important drawbacks:

• 1) By reducing the information on the PCB pattern to only one number (the “PCB content”), the information on the distribution pattern of the isomers is lost. This information is, however, extremely useful for indicating the sources of contamination and for differentiating between background and recent contamination.
• 2) “PCB contents” determined by the methods mentioned above might be obtained in many different ways as, for most PCB data, what is meant by “PCB content” is not clearly defined. Most reported “PCB contents” cannot, therefore, be compared, and interpretation of the data is difficult. “PCB contents” are not always defined as the sum of the chlorobiphenyl isomers present in the sample, as one would normally expect.
• 3) Chlorobiphenyls are individual chemical compounds which have different properties (e.g. biodegradability, toxicological effects, tendency to accumulate). Therefore, it would be highly desirable to determine these compounds separately.

As a broad concept, the analysis of PCBs needs to be applicable to milk and milk products in different countries throughout the world. To achieve this, the following basic considerations apply:

• a) the need to consider the different situations in different laboratories, for example the equipment available, the level of training of the laboratory personnel, the budget available and the special tasks of the laboratory;
• b) the need to define the purpose of the analysis, for example screening, monitoring and control with respect to legal limits, or research;
• c) the need to determine simultaneously the PCB and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) content;
• d) the need to include, as far as possible, information on the PCB isomer-distribution pattern;
• e) the need to define clearly the contents to be reported;
• f) the need to control carefully the separation of the PCBs from the OCPs in order to avoid interference.

1 Scope

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the contents of individual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in milk, evaporated milk, sweetened condensed milk, powdered milk products, butter and butterfat, cheese and other milk products.

The method is capable of determining low levels of specific OCPs down to 5 µg of OCP per kilogram of fat and levels of specific PCBs down to 2,5 µg of PCB per kilogram of fat, using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection (GLC-ECD).

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

Bibliography