ISO/TR 13128:2012 Health Informatics —臨床文書レジストリフェデレーション | ページ 2

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO/TR 13128 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.

Introduction

A federation of Clinical Document Registries (CDRs) provides a view that the entire set of member CDRs can be seen as a single CDR. One can issue a federated query to any of the member CDRs and still receive the consistent answer, which is in effect the same as the union of the individual answers from the CDRs. Therefore, it offers a layer of location transparency.

Within a federation, a pair of CDRs can mutually agree to replicate the entire content of one CDR in the other CDR. The original and replica are systematically synchronized to reflect any changes to the original ever since it was replicated. This is called the"federated replication". The key benefits of the federated replication are as follows.

• a) It greatly enhances the availability and fault-tolerance of CDRs at the presence of a failure, which may happen due to various kinds of catastrophic events such as fire, earthquake, flood, and even shortage of network connectivity. When a failure of a CDR occurs and is detected, a query to the CDR can be answered alternatively by another CDR if it maintains a federated replica of the failed CDR.
• b) It also improves the performance of processing of federated queries. As previously stated, a federated query can be sent to any of the member CDRs of the intended federation. If the receiving CDR maintains a federated replica of another member CDR, it can answer the query using the replica without relaying it to the original CDR, saving lots of network communication overheads.

The replication is done at the object level only. There is no specification as to how the replica can be used for answering federated queries.

The primary goal of this Technical Report is to define a logical structure for the federation of CDRs (but not repositories) that, therefore, does not require any conformance criteria, and to set out a list of basic functional recommendations and configuration parameters for CDR federations, possibly with replication, as well as to provide several use cases.

1 Scope

This Technical Report covers aspects of federations of Clinical Document Registries (CDRs) including cases where the whole content of a CDR has been replicated in another CDR of the same federation. More specifically, the following aspects are covered.

• a) Recommendations for the creation and management of federations of CDRs and federation metadata.
• b) Creation and management of federated replicas, including specifications to create, remove and maintain federated replicas as well as metadata for them.
• c) Use cases of federations with query processing examples, including various use cases of federations of CDRs, together with examples of query processing policies to enhance the performance and fault-tolerance.
• d) Processing of queries in the presence of federations and replicas: the presence of federated replicas might affect the semantics of both local and federated queries. Informative examples to define exact behaviours of processing the queries are given.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 27790 and the following apply.

Bibliography