ISO/TS 22939:2019 土壌の質 — マイクロウェルプレートで蛍光発生基質を使用した土壌サンプルの酵素活性パターンの測定 | ページ 2

Foreword

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological characterization.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 22939:2010), which has been technically revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

• Clause 3 “Terms and definitions” added;
• 6.2.4: unit corrected in (40 ml to 40 µl);
• 6.2.6, Table 1 (Chitinase change E.C. 3.2.1.30 to E.C.3.2.1.52 and Alanin-aminopeptidase E.C. 3.4.11.12 to E.C. 3.4.11.2).

Introduction

Micro-organisms are responsible for many key processes in the cycle of elements. Enzymes play key roles in the degradation and mineralization of organic macromolecules. The main postulate is the microbial origin of soil enzymes, even if plant root exudates include enzymes. The simultaneous monitoring of several enzyme activities important in the biodegradation of organic compounds and mineralization of C, N, P and S in soil may reveal harmful effects caused by chemicals and other anthropogenic impacts (e.g. acidification, compaction). However, the measurements carried out under selected laboratory conditions using artificial substrates cannot be a substitute for the actual rate of enzymatic processes in soil in situ.

1 Scope

This document specifies a method for the measurement of several enzyme activities (arylsulfatase, α −glucosidase, β -glucosidase, Cellubisidase, β -Xylosidase, phosphodiesterase (PDE), chitinase, phosphomonoesterase (PME), leucine-aminopeptidase, Alanine-aminopeptidase) simultaneously (or not) using fluorigenic substrates in soil samples. Enzyme activities of soil vary seasonally and depend on the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of soil. Its application for the detection of harmful effects of toxic chemicals or other anthropogenic impacts depends on the simultaneous comparison of enzyme activities in a control soil similar to the test soil, or on exposure tests with chemicals or treatments.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography