ISO 10360-12:2016 幾何学的製品仕様（GPS）—座標測定システム（CMS）の受け入れおよび再検証テスト—パート12：関節式アーム座標測定機（CMM） | ページ 6

3.1

articulated arm coordinate measuring machine

Note 1 to entry: The probing system may comprise a rigid probe or a sensing system such as a scanner.

Note 2 to entry: Rotary joint assemblies connected to the fixed-length segments are equipped with angular encoders. Cartesian coordinates of each measuring point are calculated from the measured angles and segment lengths.

3.2

joint

connection between adjacent elements of an articulated arm CMM that allows a single rotational degree of freedom between these elements

Note 1 to entry: There are two types of joints: hinge joints, which cause a hinging movement between adjacent arm segments, and swivel joints, which cause a rotary movement around the axis of the connected arm segment.

Note 2 to entry: Each joint ordinarily includes an angle measuring device (rotary encoder).

3.3

joint assembly

assembly of two or more joints between two adjacent elements of an articulated arm CMM

Note 1 to entry: Usually, a joint assembly includes at least a hinge joint and a swivel joint.

Note 2 to entry: In analogy to the human arm, the three main joint assemblies are designated the shoulder, elbow, and wrist.

3.4

measuring range

diameter of the spherical volume within which an articulated arm CMM is capable of measuring

Note 1 to entry: The measuring range is specified by the manufacturer.

Note 2 to entry: The measuring range is twice the reach of the articulated arm. However, some of the regions that can be reached by the articulated arm may not be within the measuring volume.

3.5

measuring volume

region in space over which the manufacturer specifies the performance of the articulated arm CMM

Note 1 to entry: The measuring volume is restricted by inaccessible zones specified by the manufacturer. For example, there may be an inaccessible zone close to the vertical main axis.

Note 2 to entry: Manufacturers may specify more than one measuring volume for a machine, each measuring volume having a separate performance specification.

Note 3 to entry: Because of the possibility of binding up a joint when adjacent arm segments are brought close together, the size of the measuring volume may depend on the direction of the probe stylus in relation to the outside of the measuring volume or inaccessible zones within the measuring volume. The manufacturer may specify one or more measuring volumes according to the direction of the probe stylus.

3.6

useful arm length

half the measuring range

3.7

coefficient of thermal expansion

CTE

α

linear thermal expansion coefficient of a material at 20 °C

Note 1 to entry: The above definition for CTE does not imply that a user is required to make measurements at 20 °C.

3.8

normal CTE material

material with a CTE between 8 × 10⁻⁶/°C and 13 × 10⁻⁶/°C

Note 1 to entry: Some documents may express CTE in units 1/K, which is equivalent to 1/°C.

[SOURCE: ISO 10360‑2]

3.9

kinematic seat

mechanical seat (nest) that repeatably holds the centre of a spherical surface in a fixed position in space

Note 1 to entry: An example of a kinematic seat is a trihedral seat that includes three hardened spheres, each sphere placed on a circle and separated from the other spheres by nominally 120°. Each of the three spheres contacts the surface of a larger sphere (or spherical surface) so as to permit repeatable positioning of the centre of the larger sphere in space.

Note 2 to entry: As used in this part of ISO 10360, a kinematic seat provides constraint for 3 degrees of freedom rather than 6 degrees of freedom.

3.10

single-point articulation test

test in which articulated arm CMM probe is held within a kinematic seat while the elbow location is rotated by 180°

Note 1 to entry: The single-point articulation test is an interim test described in Annex D.

3.11

articulated location error, tactile

L_{Dia.5x5:Art:Tact.AArm}

diameter of the minimum circumscribed sphere encompassing the points that are the centres of the five spheres obtained from performing the articulated location test when using a tactile probe

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation L_Dia.5x5:Art is used.

3.12

length measurement error, bidirectional

E_{Bi:0:Tact.AArm}

error of indication when performing a bidirectional point-to-point distance measurement

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation E_bi is used.

Note 2 to entry: The subscript 0 indicates that there is no tip offset. There may be an offset in some other parts of ISO 10360.

3.13

length measurement error, unidirectional

E_{Uni:0:Tact.AArm}

error of indication when performing a unidirectional point-to-point distance measurement

Note 1 to entry: Annex B discusses unidirectional and bidirectional measurements.

Note 2 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation E_Uni is used.

3.14

probing form error, tactile

P_{Form.Sph.1x25::Tact.AArm}

error of indication within which the range of Gaussian radial distances can be determined by a Gaussian (least-squares) fit of 25 points measured by a tactile probe on a test sphere

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation P_{Form.Sph.1x25} is used.

3.15

probing size error, tactile

P_{Size.Sph.1x25::Tact.AArm}

error of indication of the diameter of a spherical material standard of size as determined by a Gaussian (least-squares) fit of 25 points measured by a tactile probe

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation P_{Size.Sph.1x25} is used.

3.16

maximum permissible error of articulated location error, tactile

L_{Dia.5x5:Art:Tact.AArm,MPE}

extreme value of the articulated location error, tactile, L_{Dia.5x5:Art:Tact.AArm}, permitted by specifications

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation L_{Dia.5x5:Art,MPE} is used.

3.17

maximum permissible error of bidirectional length measurement

E_{Bi:0:Tact.AArm,MPE}

extreme value of the bidirectional length measurement error, E_{Bi:0:Tact.AArm}, permitted by specifications

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation E_Bi,MPE is used.

3.18

maximum permissible error of unidirectional length measurement

E_{Uni:0:Tact.AArm,MPE}

extreme value of the unidirectional length measurement error, E_{Uni:0:Tact.AArm}, permitted by specifications

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation E_Uni,MPE is used.

3.19

maximum permissible error of probing form, tactile

P_{Form.Sph.1x25::Tact.AArm,MPE}

extreme value of the probing form error for tactile probe, P_{Form.Sph.1x25::Tact.AArm}, permitted by specifications

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation P_{Form.Sph.1x25,MPE} is used.

3.20

maximum permissible error of probing size, tactile

P_{Size.Sph.1x25::Tact.AArm,MPE}

extreme value of the probing size error for a tactile probe, P_{Size.Sph.1x25::Tact.AArm}, permitted by specifications

Note 1 to entry: In the context of this part of ISO 10360, the local abbreviation P_{Size.Sph.1x25,MPE} is used.

3.21

rated operating condition

operating condition that must be fulfilled during measurement in order that a measuring instrument or measuring system performs as designed

Note 1 to entry: Rated operating conditions generally specify intervals of values for a quantity being measured and for any influence quantity.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 4.9]

Note 2 to entry: Within the ISO 10360 series, the term “as designed” means as specified by MPEs.

Note 3 to entry: If an MPE specification is thought of as a function (where different MPE values could be given for different conditions), then the rated operating conditions define the domain of that function.