ISO 10360-13:2021 幾何学的製品仕様（GPS）—座標測定システム（CMS）の受け入れおよび再検証テスト—パート13：光学3D CMS | ページ 6

3.1

optical 3D coordinate measuring system

optical 3D CMS

system performing measurements of spatial coordinates exclusively by optical sensors

3.2

sensor measurement volume

volume of measurement of the sensor realized without movement of the sensor relative to the workpiece fulfilling the specifications stated by the manufacturer

Note 1 to entry: Dimensional indication of sensor measurement volume stated by the manufacturer can significantly differ from that which the sensor shows.

3.3

registration

transformation of coordinate systems that brings single-view coordinates into a unified coordinate system

Note 1 to entry: A transformation is realized for example by a rigid transformation, consisting of either translation, rotation or both.

Note 2 to entry: Each single view holds its own coordinate system and requires a transformation to the unified coordinate system.

Note 3 to entry: The registration is invertible. The inverse registration can be performed by applying the inverse transformation.

Note 4 to entry: In practice, the transformation parameters are derived first, then the transformations occur either immediately or at a later stage.

Note 5 to entry: A registration can require a person to operate the CMS.

3.4

fusion

operation that merges two or more sets of measured coordinates into a unified set of measured coordinates

Note 1 to entry: Fusions are performed to improve the measurement, e.g. to reduce the dispersion and the mismatch of single views.

Note 2 to entry: Fusions are typically irreversible (not invertible).

Note 3 to entry: A fusion can include any number of elementary operations in combination or in sequence, such as coordinate transformation, averaging, outlier rejection, decimation, convolution and filtration.

Note 4 to entry: The fusion can occur either immediately or at a later stage.

3.5

concatenated measurement volume

volume of measurement of the CMS obtained by movement of the sensor relative to the workpiece and the registration fulfilling the specifications stated by the manufacturer

Note 1 to entry: The concatenated measurement volume can be determined by design of a measuring cabin typically having a cuboid boundary or a three-dimensional size of the intended workpiece.

Note 2 to entry: A concatenated measurement volume can have either a significantly larger volume than the sensor measurement volume or a similar volume to the sensor measurement volume.

3.6

single-view measurement

measurement of spatial coordinates done with an optical sensor without movement relative to the workpiece

Note 1 to entry: Single-view measurement is performed with no movement of the carrier, registration or fusion.

Note 2 to entry: Single-view measurement can include repeated measurements, for example multiple exposures, provided that no movement of the optical sensor relative to the workpiece occurs from the first exposure to the last.

3.7

multiple-view measurement

measurement of spatial coordinates through registration and fusion of multiple single-view measurements in different locations and orientations of the optical sensor relative to the workpiece

3.8

probing form dispersion error

P_{Form.Sph.i:j:O3D}

smallest width of a spherical shell that encompasses a percentile of all measured data

Note 1 to entry: The symbol “P” in P_{Form.Sph.i:j:O3D} indicates that the error is associated with the probing system performance; the qualifier “Form.Sph” indicates that it is associated with the probing dispersion error when measuring a sphere; and the qualifier “O3D” indicates that it is associated with an optical 3D CMS. The qualifier “i” identifies the percentile of probed points selected for the evaluation: either “D95%” denoting 95 % of the population or “All” denoting the whole population, i.e. 100 %. The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case. Examples of such symbols include P_{Form.Sph.D95%:SMV.SV:O3D} and P_{Form.Sph.All:SMV.MV:O3D}.

Note 2 to entry: Both percentiles, 95 % and All, are of the measured points according to the rated operating conditions. When these conditions include pre-processing such as prefiltering or meshing, then the percentiles apply to such points after this application.

Note 3 to entry: 5 % of the measured points in the “All” data set is eliminated to determine P_{Form.Sph.D95%:j:O3D}. Outliers can be eliminated by this operation.

Note 4 to entry: It can be beneficial to evaluate probing errors from point cloud both from “95 %” population and “All” population. A difference in these two test results can reveal influences of smoothing filters or equivalent functions potentially pre-installed as an integral part of the CMS or the associated software, which is not always transparently visible for users of the CMS.

3.9

probing size error

P_{Size.Sph.i:j:O3D}

error of indication when measuring a calibrated diameter of a test sphere as associated by an unweighted and unconstrained least-squares fit to a percentile of all measured data

Note 1 to entry: The symbol “P” in P_{Size.Sph.i:j:O3D} indicates that the error is associated with the probing system performance; the qualifier “Size.Sph” indicates that it is associated with the probing size error of a sphere; and the qualifier “O3D” indicates that it is associated with the optical 3D CMS. The qualifier “i” identifies the percentile of probing points selected for the evaluation: either from “D95%” denoting 95 % of the population or “All” denoting the whole population, i.e. 100 %. The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case. Examples of such symbols include P_{Size.Sph.D95%:SMV.SV:O3D} and P_{Size.Sph.All:SMV.MV:O3D}.

Note 2 to entry: Both percentiles, 95 % and All, are of the measured points according to the rated operating conditions. When these conditions include pre-processing such as prefiltering or meshing, then the percentiles apply to such points after this application.

Note 3 to entry: The probing size error is determined by the errors of the sensors (caused by, for example, noise, digitization, image distortion, optical interaction with the surface of the material standard, calibration, faulty algorithms) and of the positioning system.

3.10

distortion error

D_CC:j:O3D

error of indication when measuring a calibrated centre-to-centre distance within the sensor measurement volume either by single-view measurement operation or multiple-view measurement operation

Note 1 to entry: The symbol “D” indicates that the error is associated with the geometrical deformation of the sensor within the sensor measurement volume; the qualifier “CC” indicates that the error of indication is of a centre-to-centre distance; and the qualifier “O3D” indicates that it is associated with an optical 3D CMS. The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement, while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case. Examples of such symbols include D_{CC:SMV.SV:O3D} and D_{CC:SMV.MV:O3D}.

3.11

flat-form distortion error

D_{Form.Pla.i:j:O3D}

minimum distance between two parallel planes that encompass a percentile of all data measured on the test flat

Note 1 to entry: The symbol “D” indicates that the error is associated with the geometrical deformation of the sensor; the qualifier “Form.Pla” indicates that it is associated with the form error of a plane; and the qualifier “O3D” indicates that it is associated with the optical 3D CMS. The qualifier “i” identifies the percentile of probing points selected for the evaluation: either “D95%” denoting 95 % of the population or “All” denoting the whole population, i.e. 100 %. The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case. Examples of such symbols include D_{Form.Pla.D95%:SMV.SV:O3D} and D_{Form.Pla.All:SMV.MV:O3D}.

Note 2 to entry: Both percentiles, 95 % and All, are of the measured points according to the rated operating conditions. When these conditions include pre-processing such as prefiltering or meshing, then the percentiles apply to such points after this application.

3.12

volumetric length measurement error in concatenated measurement volume

E_{Vol:CMV.MV:O3D}

error of indication when measuring a calibrated test length within the concatenated measurement volume by multiple-view measurement

Note 1 to entry: The symbol “E” indicates that the error of indication is of a length in space; the qualifier “Vol” indicates that volumetric geometry errors of the CMS is of interest (not local probing errors); the qualifier “CMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement within the concatenated measurement volume; and the qualifier “O3D” indicates that it is associated with an optical 3D CMS.

Note 2 to entry: The multiple-view measurement is to reveal the volumetric length measurement error in the concatenated measurement volume.

Note 3 to entry: A calibrated test length can typically be calibrated by the centre-to-centre distance of a sphere standard. See Annex B for details.

3.13

maximum permissible probing form dispersion error

P_{Form.Sph.i:j:O3D,MPE}

extreme value of P_{Form.Sph.i:j:O3D} permitted by specifications as maximum permissible error

Note 1 to entry: The qualifier “i” identifies the percentile of probing points selected for the evaluation: either “D95%” denoting 95 % of the population or “All” denoting the whole population, i.e. 100 %. The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case.

3.14

maximum permissible probing size error

P_{Size.Sph.i:j:O3D,MPE}

extreme value of P_{Size.Sph.i:j:O3D} permitted by specifications as maximum permissible error

Note 1 to entry: The qualifier “i” identifies the percentile of probing points selected for the evaluation: either “D95%” denoting 95 % of the population or “All” denoting the whole population, i.e. 100 %. The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case.

3.15

maximum permissible distortion error

D_CC:j:O3D,MPE

extreme value of D_CC:j:O3D permitted by specifications as maximum permissible error

Note 1 to entry: The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case.

3.16

maximum permissible flat-form distortion error

D_{Form.Pla.i:j:O3D,MPE}

extreme value of D_{Form.Pla.i:j:O3D} permitted by specifications as maximum permissible error

Note 1 to entry: The qualifier “i” identifies the percentile of probing points selected for the evaluation: either “D95%” denoting 95 % of the population or “All” denoting the whole population, i.e. 100 %. The qualifier “j” identifies the measuring conditions of the CMS. “SMV.SV” denotes single-view measurement while “SMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement. The measurement is performed within the sensor measurement volume (“SMV”) in either case.

3.17

maximum permissible volumetric length measurement error in concatenated measurement volume

E_{Vol:CMV.MV:O3D,MPE}

extreme value of E_{Vol:CMV.MV:O3D} permitted by specifications as maximum permissible error

3.18

bi-directional length measurement error in concatenated measurement volume

E_{Bi:CMV.MV:O3D}

error of indication when measuring a calibrated test length bi-directionally within the concatenated measurement volume by multiple-view measurement

Note 1 to entry: See Annex A for details of the optional characteristics.

Note 2 to entry: The symbol “E” indicates that the error is of a length in space; the qualifier “Bi” indicates that the local probing errors are included (bi-directional probing); the qualifier “CMV.MV” denotes multiple-view measurement within the concatenated measurement volume; and the qualifier “O3D” indicates that it is associated with an optical 3D CMS.

Note 3 to entry: The multiple-view measurement is to reveal the volumetric length measurement error in the concatenated measurement volume.

3.19

maximum permissible bi-directional length measurement error

E_{Bi:CMV.MV:O3D,MPE}

extreme value of E_{Bi:CMV.MV:O3D} permitted by specifications as maximum permissible error