ISO 13611:2014 通訳—コミュニティ通訳のガイドライン | ページ 5

2.1.1

interpreting , verb

rendering a spoken or signed source language (2.4.5) message into a spoken or signed target language (2.4.6) in real time

2.1.2

community interpreting

public service interpreting

bidirectional interpreting that takes place in communicative settings (2.2.3) among speakers of different languages for the purpose of accessing community services

Note 1 to entry: Community interpreting may involve both private and public services provided by private or public interpreting service providers (2.3.1) . Community interpreting is not limited to accessing social services and includes, for example, services to tourists and disaster victims.

2.1.3

consecutive interpreting mode

interpreting where the rendering of speech is performed into the other language at appropriate pauses or intervals during the interaction

Note 1 to entry: Consecutive interpreting mode is best suited to community interpreting and it is considered the default or most common mode.

Note 2 to entry: The intervals can be arranged beforehand between speakers and the community interpreter (2.3.3) .

Note 3 to entry: The ability for note-taking (2.1.7) is recommended for consecutive interpreting mode.

Note 4 to entry: More time is recommended for interpreted communicative events (2.2.2) using consecutive interpreting mode.

Note 5 to entry: Community interpreters are allowed and sometimes even encouraged to request clarification when it is apparent that an end user has difficulty understanding a particular concept during the interpreted session.

2.1.4

simultaneous interpreting mode

interpreting where the rendering of a speech into another language is done at the same time as the speaker/signer is delivering the speech

2.1.5

chuchotage

simultaneous interpreting mode (2.1.4) where the rendering is whispered

Note 1 to entry: Chuchotage is sometimes used when sound equipment is not available or when the audience is too small to justify the use of sound equipment.

2.1.6

healthcare interpreting

medical interpreting

community interpreting (2.1.2) that occurs when individuals are accessing services that deal with medicine and/or healthcare and where community interpreters (2.3.3) facilitate communication between patients and their families, healthcare providers, and healthcare administrators

Note 1 to entry: The communicative setting (2.2.3) can be a doctor’s office, a house call, a hospital, a health clinic, or other medical or healthcare institution.

2.1.7

note-taking

interpreting (2.1.1) technique used to aid the community interpreter’s (2.3.3) memory and attention by noting important terms, links, and data

Note 1 to entry: The important information for noting can include items such as dates and figures.

2.1.8

sight translation

process of rendering written content in the source language (2.4.5) into the target language (2.4.6) in oral or signed form in real time

Note 1 to entry: Sight translation occurs frequently in community interpreting (2.1.2) (e.g. sight translating of medical test results, administrative forms in government institutions, etc.).

2.1.9

remote interpreting

interpreting (2.1.1) using specialized equipment to communicate between the parties

2.1.10

telephone interpreting

remote interpreting (2.1.9) using specialized telephone systems

2.1.11

video interpreting

remote interpreting (2.1.9) using specialized television screens/monitors

2.1.12

relay interpreting

interpreting (2.1.1) that occurs when an interpreter’s source input comes from another interpreter’s rendition rather than directly from the speaker

Note 1 to entry: When there are several target languages in a meeting and the interpreters of those languages do not all understand the language of the speaker (e.g. Urdu), a source language interpreter renders the text to a language common to all interpreters in the meeting (e.g. from Urdu to English) who then interpret into their respective target language (e.g. from English to French, German, Italian, Nahuatl, Spanish, Welsh, etc.).

2.2.1

communicative event

event during which information is transmitted between two or more parties

Note 1 to entry: Intention, form, gist, gesture, pauses, silences, and tone used in a communicative event can affect the transmitted information

2.2.2

interpreted communicative event

communicative event (2.2.1) where interpreting (2.1.1) facilitates communication of at least three participants

Note 1 to entry: The language used in an interpreted communicative event can be signed or spoken.

Note 2 to entry: For details on the three parties, see 3.1

2.2.3

communicative setting

physical or virtual area where an interpreted communicative event (2.2.2) takes place

Note 1 to entry: Sometimes community interpreters (2.3.3) work face-to-face and sometimes remotely using technology such as video or teleconferencing

2.3.1

interpreting service provider

ISP

person or organization supplying interpreting (2.1.1) services

Note 1 to entry: An ISP may be a single independent community interpreter (2.3.3) , an agency, a private or public company, an institution, or a department within an institution such as an interpreting (2.1.1) department within a hospital.

2.3.2

interpreter

language professional who conveys a message produced in a source language (2.4.5) , be it spoken or signed, into a target language (2.4.6) , spoken or signed, in real time, and whose task is to convey every element of the message

Note 1 to entry: Elements of a message can include content, intention, form, gist, gesture, pauses, silences, tone, etc.

Note 2 to entry: A professional interpreter will always observe the relevant code of ethics of the profession as well as the standards of practice.

2.3.3

community interpreter

interpreter (2.3.2) who facilitates communication, in any communicative setting (2.2.3) , be it private or public, between two or more speakers who do not share a common language, for the sole purpose of accessing community or public services

Note 1 to entry: A community interpreter should hold a degree in interpreting or in a field related to his/her work, or should have specific qualifications and exhibit interpreting (2.1.1) skills, demonstrating experience, observing the relevant code of ethics of the profession and earning income from interpreting (2.1.1) .

2.3.4

client

person or organization requesting a language service from a language service provider

Note 1 to entry: The client is usually the person or organization that asks for community interpreting (2.1.2) or translation (2.5.3) on behalf of the end users (2.3.5) . The client and end user (2.3.5) can be the same person or organization in some situations.

Note 2 to entry: Whether a contract is entered into between the client and an ISP (2.3.1) , or the end user (2.3.5) and an ISP (2.3.1) , will depend on the circumstances of each communicative event (2.2.1) .

2.3.5

end user

person or group of persons who ultimately need and use the language service requested

Note 1 to entry: The end user is often not the same as the client (2.3.4) .

2.3.6

linguistic minority

group of people who might not read, write, speak, or understand the language(s) of the society where they reside well enough to obtain meaningful access to community or public services

2.4.1

societal language

language that is spoken or signed by the majority of the people in the society in which they live

2.4.2

non-societal language

language that is not spoken or signed by society at large, or is not the language of a territory or region

Note 1 to entry: Non-societal language can have less status than the societal language (2.4.1).

2.4.3

A language

working language that the interpreter (2.3.3) or translator (2.5.2) has declared as the strongest or most dominant/active language in his/her language combination

2.4.4

B language

working language in which the interpreter (2.3.3) or translator (2.5.2) is highly fluent and which s/he has declared as the second strongest active language in his/her language combination

2.4.5

source language

language of the source from which content is rendered into the target language (2.4.6)

2.4.6

target language

language into which source language content (2.4.7) is rendered

2.4.7

source language content

anything representing information or knowledge in the source language (2.4.5)

2.5.1

translate , verb

render written source language content into target language content in written form

2.5.2

translator

language professional who translates (2.5.1)

[SOURCE:ISO 17100:— ¹ , 2.4.3, modified]

2.5.3

translation

process of rendering source language content into target language content in written form

[SOURCE:ISO 17100:—¹⁾, 2.1.2]