ISO 13702:2015 石油および天然ガス産業—オフショア生産設備での火災および爆発の制御と軽減—要件とガイドライン | ページ 6

3.1.1

abandonment

act of personnel onboard leaving an installation in an emergency

3.1.2

accommodation

place where personnel onboard sleep and spend their off-duty time

Note 1 to entry: It can include dining rooms, recreation rooms, lavatories, cabins, offices, sickbay, living quarters, galley, pantries, and similar permanently enclosed spaces.

3.1.3

active fire protection

AFP

equipment, systems, and methods which, following initiation, can be used to control, mitigate, and extinguish fires

3.1.4

area classification

division of an installation into hazardous areas and non-hazardous areas and the sub-division of hazardous areas into zones

Note 1 to entry: This classification is based on the materials which can be present and the probability of a flammable atmosphere developing. Area classification is primarily used in the selection of electrical equipment to minimize the likelihood of ignition if a release occurs.

3.1.5

cellulosic fire

CF

fire involving combustible material such as wood, paper, furniture, etc.

3.1.6

class of fire

type of fire

classification of fires, based on the nature of the fuel

Note 1 to entry: ISO 3941 describes the classes of fires.

3.1.7

control

<of hazards> limiting the extent or duration of a hazardous event

Note 1 to entry: The definition of control is specific in this International Standard and other definitions are used in other standards.

3.1.8

control station

place on the installation from which personnel can monitor the status of the installation, initiate appropriate shutdown actions, and undertake any emergency communication

3.1.9

deluge system

system to apply fire-water through an array of open spray nozzles by operation of a valve on the inlet to the system

3.1.10

embarkation area

place from which personnel leave the installation during evacuation

3.1.11

emergency depressurization

EDP

controlled disposal of pressurized fluids to a flare or vent system when required to avoid or minimize a hazardous situation

3.1.12

emergency response

action taken by personnel on or off the installation to control or mitigate a hazardous event or initiate and execute abandonment

3.1.13

emergency response team

group of personnel who have designated duties in an emergency

3.1.14

emergency shutdown

ESD

control actions undertaken to shut down equipment or processes in response to a hazardous situation

3.1.15

escalation

spread of impact from fires, explosions, toxic gas releases to equipment or other areas thereby causing an increase in the consequences of a hazardous event

3.1.16

escape

act of personnel moving away from a hazardous event to a place where its effects are reduced or removed

3.1.17

escape route

route from an area of an installation leading to a muster area, temporary refuge (TR), embarkation area, or means of escape to the sea

3.1.18

critical safety system

any system which has a major role in the control and mitigation of fires and explosions and in any subsequent evacuation, escape, and rescue activities

3.1.19

evacuation

planned method of leaving the installation in an emergency

3.1.20

evacuation, escape, and rescue

EER

range of possible actions including escape, muster, refuge, evacuation, escape to the sea, and rescue/recovery

3.1.21

evacuation route

escape route which leads from the temporary refuge (TR) to the place(s) used for evacuation from the installation

3.1.22

explosion

3.1.22.1

gas explosion

combustion of a flammable gas or mist which generates blast waves due to confinement of the combustion-induced flow or the acceleration of the flame front by obstacles in the flame path

3.1.22.2

physical explosion

explosion arising from the sudden release of stored energy such as from failure of a pressure vessel

3.1.23

fire and explosion strategy

FES

results of the process that uses information from the fire and explosion evaluation to determine the measures required to manage these hazardous events and the role of these measures

3.1.24

functional requirements

minimum criteria which shall be satisfied to meet the stated health, safety, and environmental objectives

3.1.25

hazard

potential source of harm

Note 1 to entry: Hazard can be a risk source for potential for human injury, damage to the environment, damage to property, or a combination of these.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014]

3.1.26

hazardous area

three-dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere can be expected to be present at such frequencies as to require special precautions for the control of potential ignition sources

3.1.27

hazardous event

event that can cause harm

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014]

3.1.28

human factors

environmental, organisational, and job factors which influence behaviour of work in a way that can affect health and safety

3.1.29

ignition sources

any source with sufficient energy to initiate combustion

3.1.30

integrated installation

offshore installation which contains, on the same structure, accommodation, and utilities in addition to process or wellhead facilities

3.1.31

jet fire

JF

turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel continuously released with momentum in a particular direction

3.1.32

manned installation

installation on which people are routinely accommodated

3.1.33

mobile offshore unit

mobile platform, including drilling ships, equipped for drilling for subsea hydrocarbon deposits and mobile platform for purposes other than production and storage of hydrocarbon deposits

Note 1 to entry: Includes mobile offshore drilling units, including drillships, accommodation units, construction and pipelay units, and well servicing and well stimulation vessels.

3.1.34

muster area

designated area where personnel report when required to do so

3.1.35

operator

individual, partnership, firm, or corporation having control or management of operations on the leased area or a portion thereof

Note 1 to entry: The operator can be a lessee, designated agent of the lessee(s), or holder of operating rights under an approved operating agreement.

3.1.36

passive fire protection

PFP

coating or cladding arrangement or free-standing system which, in the event of fire, will provide thermal protection to restrict the rate at which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected

3.1.37

pool fire

turbulent diffusion fire burning above a horizontal pool of vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel under conditions where the fuel has zero or very low initial momentum

3.1.38

risk

combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014]

3.1.39

running liquid fire

fire involving a flammable liquid flowing over a surface

3.1.40

temporary refuge

tr

place provided where personnel can take refuge for a predetermined period while investigations, emergency response, and evacuation preplanning are undertaken

3.1.41

zone

part of a hazardous area based upon the frequency of the occurrence and duration of an explosive gas atmosphere