ISO 13707:2000 石油および天然ガス産業—レシプロコンプレッサー | ページ 6

3.1

acoustic simulation

process whereby the one-dimensional acoustic characteristics of fluids and the reciprocating compressor dynamic flow influence on these characteristics are modelled

Note 1 to entry: The model is mathematically based upon the governing differential equations (motion, continuity, etc.). The simulation should allow for determination of pressure/flow modulations at any point in the piping model resulting from any generalized compressor excitation (see 3.4 and 3.7).

3.2

active analysis

portion of the acoustic simulation in which the pressure pulsation amplitudes due to imposed compressor operation for the anticipated loading, speed range and state conditions are simulated (see 3.1)

3.3

alarm point

preset value of a parameter at which an alarm is actuated to warn of a condition that requires corrective action

3.4

analogue simulation

method using electrical components (inductances, capacitors, resistances and current supply devices) to achieve the acoustic simulation (see 3.1).

3.5

capacity

quantity of gas taken into the compressor at the specified inlet conditions, compressed and delivered at the specified discharge pressure

Note 1 to entry: The capacity of a compessor does not include any gas that leaks out of the compressor during the compression process nor any air that leaks into a compressor used as a vacuum pump.

3.6

combined rod load

algebraic sum of gas load and inertia force on the crosshead pin

Note 1 to entry: Gas load is the force resulting from differential gas pressure acting on the piston differential area. Inertia force is that force resulting from the acceleration of reciprocating mass. The inertia force with respect to the crosshead pin is the summation of the products of all reciprocating masses (piston and rod assembly, and crosshead assembly including pin) and their respective acceleration.

3.7

design

word used by the designer or manufacturer in terms such as, design power, design pressure, design temperature and design speed

Note 1 to entry: Use of this word in the purchaser’s specifications should be avoided.

3.8

digital simulation

method using various mathematical techniques on digital computers to achieve the acoustic simulation (see 3.1)

3.9

fail safe mode of operation for control systems

arrangement such that failure of any component or loss of energy supply will not result in unsafe or potentially unsafe situations

3.10

gauge board

unenclosed bracket or plate used to support and display gauges, switches and other instruments

3.11

inlet volume flow

flow rate expressed in volume flow units at the conditions of pressure, temperature, compressibility and gas composition, including moisture content, at the compressor inlet flange

Note 1 to entry: To determine inlet volume flow, allowance must be made for pressure drop across pulsation suppression devices and for interstage liquid knockout.

3.12

local (adj.)

applies to any device mounted on or near the equipment or console

3.13

manufacturer

organisation responsible for the design and manufacture of the equipment — not necessarily the vendor

3.14

manufacturer’s rated capacity

capacity used to size the compressor

3.15

maximum permissible continuous combined rod load

highest combined rod load at which none of the forces in the running gear (piston, piston rod, crosshead assembly, connecting rod, crankshaft, bearings etc.) and the compressor frame exceed the values in any component that the manufacturer’s design will permit for continuous operation

3.16

maximum permissible continuous gas load

highest force that a manufacturer will permit for continuous operation on the static components (e.g., frame, distance piece, cylinder and bolting) of the compressor

3.17

maximum permissible speed

highest speed at which the manufacturer’s design will permit continuous operation

3.18

maximum permissible temperature

maximum continuous temperature for which the manufacturer has designed the equipment (or any part to which the term is referred) when handling the specified fluid at the specified pressure

3.19

maximum permissible working gauge pressure

MPWGP

maximum continuous pressure for which the manufacturer has designed the equipment (or any part to which the term is referred) when handling the specified fluid at the specified temperature

3.20

minimum permissible speed

lowest speed at which the manufacturer’s design will permit continuous operation

3.21

minimum permissible suction pressure (for each stage)

lowest pressure (measured at the inlet flange of the cylinder) below which the combined rod load or gas load or discharge temperature, or crankshaft torque load (whichever is governing) will exceed the maximum permitted during operation at the setpoint pressure of the discharge relief valve and other specified gas conditions for the stage

3.22

minimum permissible temperature

lowest temperature for which the manufacturer has designed the equipment (or any part to which the term is referred)

3.23

mode shape (of an acoustic pulsation resonance)

description of the pulsation amplitudes and phase angle relationship at various points in the piping system

Note 1 to entry: Knowledge of the mode shape allows the analyst to understand the pulsation patterns in the piping system (see 3.1).

3.24

normal operating point

point at which usual operation is expected and optimum efficiency is desired

Note 1 to entry: This point is usually the point at which the manufacturer certifies that performance is within the tolerances stated in this International Standard.

3.25

normally open and normally closed

both on-the-shelf positions and de-energized positions of devices such as automatically controlled electrical switches and valves

Note 1 to entry: The normal operating position of such a device is not necessarily the same as the device’s on-the-shelf position.

3.26

owner

final recipient of the equipment

Note 1 to entry: The owner may delegate another body or agent as the purchaser of the equipment.

3.27

panel

enclosure used to mount, display and protect gauges, switches and other instruments

3.28

passive analysis

portion of the acoustic simulation in which a constant flow amplitude modulation over an arbitrary frequency range is imposed on the system, normally at the cylinder valve locations

Note 1 to entry: The resulting transfer function defines the acoustic natural frequencies and the mode shapes over the frequency range of interest (see 3.1).

3.29

pressure design code

recognized pressure vessel standard or code specified or agreed by the purchaser (e.g. ASME, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 1998, Section VIII)

3.30

purchaser

individual or organization that issues the order and specification to the vendor

Note 1 to entry: The purchaser may be the owner or the owner’s agent.

3.31

rated discharge pressure

highest pressure required to meet the conditions specified by the purchaser for the intended service

3.32

rated discharge temperature

highest predicted operating temperature resulting from any specified operating condition

3.33

rated power (of the compressor)

maximum power the compressor plus any shaft-driven appurtenances require for any of the specified operating conditions

Note 1 to entry: The rated power includes the effect of equipment such as pulsation suppression devices, process piping, intercoolers and separators.

Note 2 to entry: Driver and transmission losses are not included in the rated power of the compressor. Losses incurred in outboard bearings (e.g. as used to support large flywheels) are included.

3.34

rated speed

highest speed required to meet any of the specified operating conditions

3.35

remote (adj.)

applies to any device located away from the equipment or console, typically in a control room

3.36

required capacity

rated process capacity specified by the purchaser to meet process conditions, with no-negative-tolerance (NNT) permitted

Note 1 to entry: See annex B for an explanation of the term no-negative tolerance.

3.37

rod reversal

change in direction of force in the piston rod loading (tension to compression or vice versa), which results in a load reversal at the crosshead pin during each revolution

3.38

shut-down point

preset value of a parameter at which automatic or manual shut-down of the system is required

3.39

spectral frequency distribution

description of the pressure pulsation harmonic amplitudes versus frequency at a selected test point location for an active or passive acoustic analysis (see 3.1)

3.40

standard flow

flow rate expressed in volume flow units at ISO standard conditions which are an absolute pressure of 1,013 bar and a temperature of 0 °C

3.41

trip speed

speed at which the independent emergency overspeed device operates to shut down a variable speed prime mover

3.42

unit responsibility

responsibility for co-ordinating the technical aspects of the equipment and all auxiliary systems included in the scope of the order

Note 1 to entry: It includes responsibility for reviewing such factors as the power requirements, speed, rotation, general arrangement, couplings, dynamics, noise, lubrication, sealing system, material test reports, instrumentation, piping and testing of components.

3.43

vendor

organization that supplies the equipment

Note 1 to entry: The vendor may be the manufacturer or the manufacturer’s agent and is normally responsible for service support.