ISO 14001:2015 環境マネジメントシステム—使用に関するガイダンス付きの要件 | ページ 6

3.1.1

マネジメントシステム

ポリシーと 目的（3.2.5） およびそれらの目的を達成するための プロセス（3.3.5） を確立するための 組織（3.1.4） の相互に関連または相互作用する要素のセット

グレード 1 から初級:マネジメント システムは、単一の分野または複数の分野 (品質、環境、労働安全衛生、エネルギー、財務管理など) に対応できます。

注記2:システム要素には、組織のs 、役割と責任、計画と運用、業績評価と改善が含まれます。

注記3:マネジメントシステムの適用範囲には，組織全体，組織の特定及び特定された機能，組織の特定及び特定された部門，又は組織のグループにわたる1つ以上の機能を含めることができる。

3.1.2

環境マネジメントシステム

環境側面（3.2.2） を管理し、 コンプライアンス義務を果たし（3.2.9） 、 リスクと機会に対処する（3.2.11） ために使用される マネジメントシステム（3.1.1） の一部。

3.1.3

環境方針

トップマネジメント（3.1.5） によって正式に表明された、 環境パフォーマンス（3.4.11） に関連する 組織（3.1.4） の意図と方向性

3.1.4

組織

目的（3.2.5） を達成するための責任、権限、および関係を伴う独自の機能を持つ人または人々のグループ。

注記 1:組織の概念には，法人化されているか否か，公立か私立かを問わず，個人事業主，会社，法人，会社，企業，当局，パートナーシップ，慈善団体もしくは機関，またはそれらの一部もしくは組み合わせが含まれるが，これらに限定されない.

3.1.5

トップマネジメント

組織（3.1.4） を最高レベルで指揮し管理する個人または人々のグループ。

注記1:トップマネジメントは、組織内で権限を委譲し、リソースを提供する権限を持っています。

注記2： マネジメントシステム（3.1.1） の適用範囲が組織の一部のみを対象とする場合，トップマネジメントとは，組織のその部分を指揮し管理する者を指す。

3.1.6

当事者

決定または活動に影響を与える、影響を受ける、または影響を受けると認識できる人または 組織 (3.1.4)

注記 1: 「自分自身が影響を受けていると認識している」とは、その認識が組織に知られていることを意味します。

3.2.1

environment

surroundings in which an organization (3.1.4) operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelationships

Note 1 to entry: Surroundings can extend from within an organization to the local, regional and global system.

Note 2 to entry: Surroundings can be described in terms of biodiversity, ecosystems, climate or other characteristics.

3.2.2

environmental aspect

element of an organization's (3.1.4) activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the environment (3.2.1)

Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.2.4) . A significant environmental aspect is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s).

Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organization applying one or more criteria.

3.2.3

environmental condition

state or characteristic of the environment (3.2.1) as determined at a certain point in time

3.2.4

environmental impact

change to the environment (3.2.1) , whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's (3.1.4) environmental aspects (3.2.2)

3.2.5

objective

result to be achieved

Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical, or operational.

Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to different disciplines (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product, service and process (3.3.5) ).

Note 3 to entry: An objective can be expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended outcome, a purpose, an operational criterion, as an environmental objective (3.2.6) , or by the use of other words with similar meaning (e.g. aim, goal, or target).

3.2.6

environmental objective

objective (3.2.5) set by the organization (3.1.4) consistent with its environmental policy (3.1.3)

3.2.7

prevention of pollution

use of processes (3.3.5) , practices, techniques, materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination) the creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.2.4)

Note 1 to entry: Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination; process, product or service changes; efficient use of resources; material and energy substitution; reuse; recovery; recycling, reclamation; or treatment.

3.2.8

requirement

need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory

Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization (3.1.4) and interested parties (3.1.6) that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.

Note 2 to entry: A specified requirement is one that is stated, for example in documented information (3.3.2) .

Note 3 to entry: Requirements other than legal requirements become obligatory when the organization decides to comply with them.

3.2.9

compliance obligations (preferred term)

legal requirements and other requirements (admitted term)

legal requirements (3.2.8) that an organization (3.1.4) has to comply with and other requirements that an organization has to or chooses to comply with

Note 1 to entry: Compliance obligations are related to the environmental management system (3.1.2) .

Note 2 to entry: Compliance obligations can arise from mandatory requirements, such as applicable laws and regulations, or voluntary commitments, such as organizational and industry standards, contractual relationships, codes of practice and agreements with community groups or non-governmental organizations.

3.2.10

risk

effect of uncertainty

Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive or negative.

Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood.

Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential “events” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.5.1.3) and “consequences” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), or a combination of these.

Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated “likelihood” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.1) of occurrence.

3.2.11

risks and opportunities

potential adverse effects (threats) and potential beneficial effects (opportunities)

3.3.1

competence

ability to apply knowledge and skills to achieve intended results

3.3.2

documented information

information required to be controlled and maintained by an organization (3.1.4) and the medium on which it is contained

Note 1 to entry: Documented information can be in any format and media, and from any source.

Note 2 to entry: Documented information can refer to:— the environmental management system (3.1.2) , including related processes (3.3.5) ;— information created in order for the organization to operate (can be referred to as documentation);— evidence of results achieved (can be referred to as records).

3.3.3

life cycle

consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal

Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/ delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.

[SOURCE:ISO 14044:2006, 3.1, modified ― The words “(or service)” have been added to the definition and Note 1 to entry has been added.]

3.3.4

outsource (verb)

make an arrangement where an external organization (3.1.4) performs part of an organization’s function or process (3.3.5)

Note 1 to entry: An external organization is outside the scope of the management system (3.1.1) , although the outsourced function or process is within the scope.

3.3.5

process

set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs

Note 1 to entry: A process can be documented or not.

3.4.1

audit

systematic, independent and documented process (3.3.5) for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled

Note 1 to entry: An internal audit is conducted by the organization (3.1.4) itself, or by an external party on its behalf.

Note 2 to entry: An audit can be a combined audit (combining two or more disciplines).

Note 3 to entry: Independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for the activity being audited or freedom from bias and conflict of interest.

Note 4 to entry: “Audit evidence” consists of records, statements of fact or other information which are relevant to the audit criteria and are verifiable; and “audit criteria” are the set of policies, procedures or requirements (3.2.8) used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared, as defined in ISO 19011:2011, 3.3 and 3.2 respectively.

3.4.2

conformity

fulfilment of a requirement (3.2.8)

3.4.3

nonconformity

non-fulfilment of a requirement (3.2.8)

Note 1 to entry: Nonconformity relates to requirements in this International Standard and additional environmental management system (3.1.2) requirements that an organization (3.1.4) establishes for itself.

3.4.4

corrective action

action to eliminate the cause of a nonconformity (3.4.3) and to prevent recurrence

Note 1 to entry: There can be more than one cause for a nonconformity.

3.4.5

continual improvement

recurring activity to enhance performance (3.4.10)

Note 1 to entry: Enhancing performance relates to the use of the environmental management system (3.1.2) to enhance environmental performance (3.4.11) consistent with the organization's (3.1.4) environmental policy (3.1.3) .

Note 2 to entry: The activity need not take place in all areas simultaneously, or without interruption.

3.4.6

effectiveness

extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved

3.4.7

indicator

measurable representation of the condition or status of operations, management or conditions

[SOURCE:ISO 14031:2013, 3.15]

3.4.8

monitoring

determining the status of a system, a process (3.3.5) or an activity

Note 1 to entry: To determine the status, there might be a need to check, supervise or critically observe.

3.4.9

measurement

process (3.3.5) to determine a value

3.4.10

performance

measurable result

Note 1 to entry: Performance can relate either to quantitative or qualitative findings.

Note 2 to entry: Performance can relate to the management of activities, processes (3.3.5) , products (including services), systems or organizations (3.1.4) .

3.4.11

environmental performance

performance (3.4.10) related to the management of environmental aspects (3.2.2)

Note 1 to entry: For an environmental management system (3.1.2) , results can be measured against the organization's (3.1.4) environmental policy (3.1.3) , environmental objectives (3.2.6) or other criteria, using indicators (3.4.7) .