ISO 14978:2018 幾何学的製品仕様（GPS）—GPS測定機器の一般的な概念と要件 | ページ 6

3.5.1

measuring equipment

indicating measuring instrument, material measure, software, measurement standard, reference material or auxiliary equipment used in a measurement

Note 1 to entry: This definition is necessarily wider than that of a measuring instrument since it includes all the devices used in a measurement.

Note 2 to entry: Measuring equipment should not be confused with a measuring system, which is a set of measuring equipment used together for a specific measurement.

Note 3 to entry: See Figure 1.

Figure 1 — A measuring system composed of various pieces of measuring equipment

Key

1	indicating measuring instrument (dial gauge)
2	material measure (gauge block)
3	auxiliary equipment (measuring stand)

3.5.2

metrological characteristic

<measuring equipment> characteristic of measuring equipment, which may influence the results of measurement when using the measuring equipment

Note 1 to entry: The influence on the results of measurement is a contributor to measurement uncertainty (see Clause 6).

Note 2 to entry: The values of a metrological characteristic are expressed in numerical values or as a function and can be evaluated in units other than that of the measurement results.

Note 3 to entry: Measuring equipment usually has several metrological characteristics.

Note 4 to entry: Metrological characteristics can be subject to calibration and verification.

3.5.3

task-related calibration

<measuring equipment> calibration of only those metrological characteristics which influence the measurement uncertainty for the intended use

3.5.4

design characteristic

<measuring equipment> characteristic of measuring equipment which does not influence the measurement directly, but which may be of interest for other reasons when the measuring equipment is used

Note 1 to entry: Design characteristics can influence, for example, interchangeability, scale mark readability for a straight or circular scale, or wear resistance (see Clause 5).

Note 2 to entry: Some design characteristics can influence the equipment’s long-term capacity to make measurements (influencing design characteristics), for example its wear resistance or its environmental resistance. Other design characteristics have no influence on measurements (non-influencing design characteristics).

Note 3 to entry: A design characteristic might be expressed as, for example, dimensions, material properties or interface protocols.

3.5.5

maximum permissible limit

MPL

tolerance limit for a metrological characteristic which is not an error of indication

Note 1 to entry: MPE, not MPL, should be used for metrological characteristics associated with errors of indication.

3.5.6

verification test

test

operation that, under specified conditions and with sufficient objective evidence, establishes that measuring equipment conforms or does not conform to stated specifications

Note 1 to entry: A verification test can be used as the calibration when both the first and second step in the definition of calibration are appropriately satisfied (see 6.1.4).

Note 2 to entry: This definition is consistent with the definition of a test in ISO 14253-5:2015, but is broader in scope as the concept of a test in ISO 14253-5:2015 is limited to indicating measuring instruments.

Note 3 to entry: The detailed specification of a verification test is defined in a test protocol.

Note 4 to entry: The specified conditions of a verification test are defined by relevant standards and by the stated rated operating conditions of the measuring equipment.

3.5.7

acceptance test

verification test (3.5.6) agreed upon by the measuring equipment manufacturer/supplier and the customer to verify that the performance of the measuring equipment is as stated by the manufacturer/supplier

Note 1 to entry: Acceptance tests are commonly used by the customer in the purchase of measuring equipment.

3.5.8

reverification test

verification test (3.5.6) to verify that the performance of the measuring equipment is as stated by the user

Note 1 to entry: The specifications chosen might or might not be the same as those used in the original acceptance test for the measuring equipment.

Note 2 to entry: Reverification tests are not used in the purchase of measuring equipment.

3.5.9

test point

specific point within the measuring range used in a verification test

Note 1 to entry: Test points are usually defined relative to a reference point.

3.5.10

reference point

setting point

point within the measuring range of measuring equipment where the error of indication is stated or adjusted to be zero whenever permitted by the design of the measuring equipment

Note 1 to entry: Depending on the measuring equipment, the reference point might or might not be considered fixed (established in a permanent manner) for the intended use of the equipment.

3.5.11

hysteresis

property of measuring equipment, or a metrological characteristic, whereby the indication of the equipment or value of the metrological characteristic depends on the orientation of the preceding stimulus

3.5.12

digital step

smallest possible change in the least significant digit in a digital indicating device

Note 1 to entry: For a digital indicating device, the resolution is equal to the digital step.

3.5.13

scale division

space on a scale between any two successive scale marks

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 and 3.

Figure 2 — Terms related to an analogue straight scale

Key

1	scale division
2	scale interval: in this example, 0,1 cm
3	scale spacing: in this example, 0,1 cm
4	scale length: in this example, 7 cm
5	scale range: in this example, 0 to 7 cm; scale span: in this example, 7 cm
6	units marked on the scale (in this example, cm)
7	scale face
8	scale numbering: in this example 0, 1,…,7
9	scale mark

3.5.14

scale interval

absolute value of the difference between the values corresponding to two successive scale marks, in the units marked on the scale

Note 1 to entry: Scale interval should not be confused with resolution, which is not necessarily equal to the scale interval.

Note 2 to entry: See Figures 2 and 3.

3.5.15

scale spacing

<analogue straight scale> distance between two successive scale marks

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

3.5.16

scale spacing

<analogue circular scale> arc length between two successive scale marks of the circle passing through the centres of all the shortest scale marks

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.

3.5.17

scale length

<analogue straight scale> length between the first and the last scale marks

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

3.5.18

scale length

<analogue circular scale> arc length of the circle passing through the centres of all the shortest scale marks

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.

3.5.19

scale range

set of values bounded by the extreme indications

Note 1 to entry: The lower limit of the scale range is not necessarily zero, for example in the case of an internal micrometer whose scale range starts at 5 mm.

Note 2 to entry: See Figures 2 and 3.

3.5.20

scale span

absolute value of the difference between the two limits of a scale range

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 and 3.

3.5.21

index

fixed or movable part of an analogue indicating device whose position with reference to the scale marks enables an indicated value to be determined

Note 1 to entry: For some measuring equipment, the index is called the “pointer”.

Figure 3 — Terms related to an analogue circular scale

Key

1	scale division
2	scale interval: in this example, 0,01 mm
3	scale spacing: in this example, approximately 1 mm
4	scale length: in this example, approximately 100 mm (for a diameter of 32 mm)
5	scale range: in this example, 0,00 to 1,00 mm; scale span: in this example, 1 mm
6	units marked on the scale (in this example, mm)
7	pointer
8	scale face
9	scale numbering: in this example there are two sets of scale numbering
10	scale mark

3.5.22

scale face

surface of measuring equipment that carries the scale

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 and 3.

3.5.23

scale numbering

ordered set of numbers associated with the scale marks

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 and 3.

3.5.24

scale mark

lines on the scale face

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 2 and 3.

3.5.25

probe

device that generates a signal which is used in the determination of a measured value

Note 1 to entry: For some measuring equipment, the probe is called the “sensor” or “detector”.

Note 2 to entry: See Figure 4.

3.5.26

measuring element

element of measuring equipment that interacts with a measured item during a measurement

Note 1 to entry: For some measuring equipment, the measuring element is called the “measuring face”, the “stylus tip” or the “contact element”.

Note 2 to entry: See Figure 4.

Figure 4 — Terms related to a probe

Key

1	probe
2	measuring element (stylus tip)

3.5.27

measuring span

absolute value of the difference between the extreme quantity values of a measuring range

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.

3.5.28

pre-range

range of indications obtainable with a particular setting of measuring equipment from the lowest possible indication to the lower limit of the measuring range

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.

3.5.29

pre-span

absolute value of the difference between the two limits of a pre-range

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.

3.5.30

post-range

range of indications obtainable with a particular setting of measuring equipment from the upper limit of the measuring range to the highest possible indication

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.

3.5.31

post-span

absolute value of the difference between the two limits of a post-range

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.

Figure 5 — Range and span terms

Key

1	nominal range:	24,5 mm to 50,6 mm
	nominal span:	26,1 mm (50,6 mm − 24,5 mm = 26,1 mm)
2	measuring range:	25 mm to 50 mm
	measuring span:	25 mm (50 mm − 25 mm = 25 mm)
3	pre-range:	24,5 mm to 25 mm
	pre-span:	0,5 mm (25 mm − 24,5 mm = 0,5 mm)
4	post-range:	50 mm to 50,6 mm
	post-span:	0,6 mm (50,6 mm − 50 mm = 0,6 mm)

NOTE An external micrometer with a measuring range of 25 mm – 50 mm has been used as an example.