ISO 16000-7:2007 室内空気—パート7：空中アスベスト繊維濃度を測定するためのサンプリング戦略 | ページ 6

4.1

abatement

activity undertaken to control the potential emission of asbestos fibres from an asbestos-containing building material by removing, enclosing or encapsulating the material, or by repairing damaged material

4.2

abatement containment area

space within which an asbestos abatement activity is performed and which is separated from the remainder of the building by a containment barrier

4.3

ambient sampling

air sampling to determine the airborne asbestos fibre concentration in the immediate vicinity of the building exterior

4.4

analytical sensitivity

calculated airborne asbestos fibre concentration, equivalent to counting of one asbestos fibre in the analysis

4.5

asbestos

term applied to a group of silicate minerals belonging to the serpentine and amphibole groups which have crystallized in the asbestiform habit, causing them to be easily separated into long, thin, flexible, strong fibres when crushed or processed.

Note 1 to entry: The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers of the most common asbestos varieties are: chrysotile (12001-29-5), crocidolite (12001-28-4), grunerite asbestos (amosite) (12172-73-5), anthophyllite asbestos (77536-67-5), tremolite asbestos (77536-68-6) and actinolite asbestos (77536-66-4).

4.6

asbestos structure

term applied to an individual asbestos fibre, or any connected or overlapping grouping of asbestos fibres or bundles of asbestos fibres, with or without other particles

4.7

aspect ratio

ratio of length to width of a particle

4.8

background sampling

air sampling performed to determine the short-term asbestos fibre concentration in the air of occupied spaces during normal usage before an activity that can disturb asbestos

4.9

blank

unused filter submitted for analysis as a control

4.10

clearance sampling

air sampling performed following an asbestos abatement activity with the purpose of determining whether airborne levels of asbestos are below a specified level at which re-occupancy of an asbestos abatement area is permitted

4.11

cluster

structure in which two or more asbestos fibres, or bundles of asbestos fibres, are randomly oriented in a connected grouping

4.12

containment barrier

impervious barrier enclosing the asbestos abatement containment area

4.13

containment clearance

air sampling performed within the asbestos abatement containment area with the purpose of determining whether airborne levels of asbestos are below a specified level at which the containment barrier can be removed

4.14

electron diffraction

technique in electron microscopy in which the crystal structure of a small area of a sample is examined

4.15

energy-dispersive X-ray analysis

determination of elemental composition through measurement of the energies and intensities of X-rays by use of a solid state detector and multi-channel analyzer system

4.16

field blank

filter cassette which has been taken to the sampling site, opened, and then closed

Note 1 to entry: Field blanks are used to determine whether contamination can have occurred during field handling of the cassettes.

4.17

fibre

elongated particle, with a minimum length to width ratio of 3:1

Note 1 to entry: The dimensional parameters used to define a fibre are specific to the analytical method used, and are separately defined in each analytical method.

4.18

fibre bundle

structure composed of parallel, smaller-width fibres attached along their lengths

Note 1 to entry: A fibre bundle can exhibit diverging fibres at one or both ends.

4.19

fibrous structure

fibre, or connected grouping of fibres, with or without other particles

4.20

HEPA filter

High Efficiency Particulate Absolute filter

Note 1 to entry: Specifications for an HEPA filter (class H13) require that it has a collection efficiency of 99,95 % for the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) according to EN 1822 ^[4] . Filters with higher efficiency may be used.

4.21

indoor baseline concentration

long-term asbestos fibre concentration measured in a building during normal usage

4.22

interim corrective actions

any simple measures, short of full asbestos abatement, used to alleviate emissions of airborne asbestos fibres from building materials

4.23

investigative sampling

air sampling performed to determine the impact of an occurrence or a simulated activity on airborne asbestos fibre concentrations

4.24

leakage sampling

air sampling performed around the perimeter of an asbestos abatement containment area for the purposes of determining whether leakage of airborne asbestos fibres from the containment area has occurred or is occurring

4.25

limit of detection

numerical asbestos fibre concentration that will not be exceeded at a probability of 95 % by the actual asbestos fibre concentration, if no asbestos fibres are detected during analysis

4.26

long-term

period of time exceeding 24 h

4.27

matrix

structure in which one or more asbestos fibres, or bundles of asbestos fibres, touch, are attached to, or partially concealed by, a single particle or connected group of non-fibrous particles

4.28

negative pressure

pressure differential between an asbestos abatement containment area and its surroundings when the asbestos abatement containment area is maintained at a pressure lower than that of its surroundings

Note 1 to entry: The expression is frequently loosely applied to the pressure in the asbestos abatement containment area.

4.29

negative pressure ventilation unit

device used to exhaust air from an asbestos abatement containment area in order to establish a negative pressure differential between the asbestos abatement containment area and its surroundings

Note 1 to entry: Typically, the air is exhausted through an HEPA filter, or a filter of higher efficiency, to minimize the escape of airborne asbestos fibres from the asbestos abatement containment area to its surroundings.

4.30

outdoor baseline concentration

long-term asbestos fibre concentration measured outdoors and sufficiently close to a building to be representative of air drawn into the building

4.31

PCM-equivalent fibre

asbestos fibre of aspect ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, longer than 5 µm, and which has a width between 0,2 µm and 3,0 µm

4.32

PCM-equivalent structure

fibrous structure of aspect ratio greater than or equal to 3:1, longer than 5 µm, and which has a width between 0,2 µm and 3,0 µm

Note 1 to entry: A PCM-equivalent structure does not necessarily contain any fibres longer than 5 μm, and can consist of a grouping of parallel asbestos fibres, all of which are shorter than 5 μm.

4.33

personal sampling

air sampling performed in the breathing zone of an individual in order to determine that individual's potential exposure to airborne asbestos fibres

4.34

phase contrast optical microscopy

microscopy technique in which the differential phase shift of the energy passing through a sample is converted into an amplitude effect.

Note 1 to entry: In asbestos fibre monitoring, this technique is implemented on the light microscope and is widely accepted for monitoring asbestos exposure in a workplace.

4.35

pre-activity (background) concentration

short-term asbestos fibre concentration measured immediately before an activity

4.36

prevalent level sampling

air sampling performed within an area to determine asbestos fibre concentrations during normal occupancy of, and during normal activities in, that area

4.37

procedure validation sampling

air sampling to determine the impact on prevalent levels resulting from maintenance or other activities in a building in which asbestos-containing materials are installed

4.38

replicate sample

one or more air samples collected in close proximity to another air sample, such that the analytical results from the samples are expected to be consistent

4.39

room unit

room that has a maximum floor area of 100 m² and a maximum length of 15 m

Note 1 to entry: In special situations, up to four smaller rooms, for which the total floor area does not exceed 100 m², can be considered as a single room unit, provided that there is efficient air exchange between the rooms. Otherwise, a small, individual room is considered as a single room unit.

4.40

short-term

period of time less than or equal to 24 h

4.41

simulation

activity designed to replicate specific activities performed under controlled conditions in order to test the impact of these activities on airborne asbestos fibre concentrations

4.42

small room

room of area of less than 10 m²

4.43

structure

single fibre, fibre bundle, cluster or matrix

4.44

stratified sampling

air sampling conducted according to a defined strategy in which the samples are grouped on the basis of detailed knowledge of the building characteristics