ISO 18459:2015 バイオミメティックス—バイオミメティック構造の最適化 | ページ 6

3.1

mechanical adaptive growth

appropriate reaction of biological structures, such as trees and bones, to changing conditions (e.g. mechanical loads) by locally adding material to high-stress areas or removing material from low-stress areas

3.2

algorithm

precisely described procedure to complete a task in a finite number of steps

3.3

design space

volume available for a component

Note 1 to entry: The edges of the component to be designed shall not extend beyond the limits of the design space.

3.4

Computer Aided Internal Optimization

CAIO

method based on the finite element analysis (3.6) for the optimization of the local fibre orientation in fibre composites with the goal of increasing their load capacity

3.5

Computer Aided Optimization

CAO

method for optimizing the shapes of components based on the finite element analysis (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: The stresses in highly stressed areas, such as notches (3.8) , are reduced and the component lifespan is increased.

3.6

finite element analysis

FEA

numerical method for obtaining approximate solutions of partial differential equations subject to boundary conditions

Note 1 to entry: In the engineering sciences, it is used as an analysis method, for example, to answer questions relating to structural mechanics. With FEA, a complex structure is divided up using small, simple, and interlinked elements (FEA mesh). When boundary conditions (loads, bearings, etc.) and material properties are defined, it is possible to calculate stresses, deformations, etc. in any section of the complex structure.

3.7

shape optimization

modification of the surface of the component to modify a certain target function in a defined manner (for example, to minimize stresses)

3.8

notch

concavities in components that weaken a component locally due to the notch effect (3.9)

Note 1 to entry: Such weak points are not desired in most cases, but notches are used as predetermined breaking points in certain cases in order to specify where the component should fail and to limit the load that can be placed on the component.

3.9

notch effect

local arising of stress peaks on notches (3.8) subjected to a load

Note 1 to entry: The height of the peak usually depends on the size and shape of the notch (3.8) . The stresses decrease as the curvature is decreased and as the size of the notch (3.8) contour is increased.

3.10

Method of Tensile Triangles

simple graphical method for homogenizing stresses in components

Note 1 to entry: It can be used to reduce stresses in high-stress areas, for example, on notches (3.8) , and increase the component lifespan, as well as to remove underloaded areas and save material.

3.11

Soft Kill Option

SKO

method for optimizing the topology (3.12) of components based on the finite element analysis (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: Lightweight design proposals are generated by successively removing low-stressed material from the design space (3.3) .

3.12

topology

relationship (position and orientation, for example) between the structural elements (holes, supports, etc.) of a component