ISO 18775:2020 ベニア — 用語と定義、物理的特性と公差の決定 | ページ 5

3.1.1

backed veneer

fleeced veneer

veneer which has been backed with special paper, fabric or other material

3.1.2

batch

several veneers before a selection is made based on quality, structure, colour, dimensions, figure, etc.

3.1.3

bleached veneer

veneer which has been subjected to a bleaching treatment

3.1.4

boule

plot

veneers obtained from a single log by sequential slicing, laid together in sequence of cutting

3.1.5

bundle

number of sliced veneers (3.2.9) (e.g. 16, 24 or 32) stacked in the order from which they were sliced out of the trunk or log

3.1.6

clipped veneer

trimmed veneer

veneer with at least one edge cut straight and perpendicular to the surface of the veneer

3.1.7

edge joint

joint made in the general direction of the grain between two clipped veneers (3.1.6) placed edge to edge

3.1.8

end joint

joint made across the grain between two clipped veneers (3.1.6) laid end to end

3.1.9

face

veneer surface which will be visible after application

3.1.10

flitch

prismatic element, obtained by longitudinally cutting a log or trunk on the bandmill saw

Note 1 to entry: The plural “flitches” indicates the sequence of veneers cut from a log or part of a log.

3.1.11

lay-on

full size jointed and spliced veneer

3.1.12

log run parcel

trunk

whole series of veneers obtained from a single trunk, in the sequence of cutting

3.1.13

loose side

open side

slack side

<rotary cut veneers> side of the sheet that was in contact with the knife as the veneer was being cut, and containing cutting checks (lathe checks) due to the bending of the wood at the knife edge

3.1.14

multilaminar veneer

sliced veneer (3.2.9) obtained from a block or a board of multilaminar wood (3.1.15) , to be used mainly for decorative purposes

3.1.15

multilaminar wood

material made up of wood veneers, placed one on top of the other, previously glued, pressed together so as to form a block or board

3.1.16

tape

strips of gummed paper or cloth placed on the veneer

3.1.17

texture

size and general arrangement of the cells and pores in the wood

3.1.18

through-dyed veneer

veneer through dyed in any colour

Note 1 to entry: It has the same properties, as to workability and end use, as natural veneers.

3.1.19

treated veneer

veneer which has been treated to achieve particular physical, chemical or esthetical characteristics

3.1.20

tight side

<rotary cut veneers> side of the sheet that was farthest from the knife as the veneer was being cut, and containing no cutting checks (lathe checks)

3.1.21

joint

interface between two adjacent pieces of veneer

3.1.22

jointed veneer

veneer, the edge of which is trimmed in preparation for splicing

3.1.23

spliced veneer

veneer made of two or more jointed veneers (3.1.22) joined edge to edge

3.1.24

stitched joint

spliced veneer (3.1.23) employing glue “string” to maintain close contact at the interface

3.1.25

veneer

thin sheet of wood with a maximum thickness of 6 mm, rotary cut, sliced or sawn from a log, bolt or flitch (3.1.10)

Note 1 to entry: Veneers may be assembled together to achieve bigger dimensions.

3.1.26

veneer length

dimension of the veneer (3.1.25) measured in a direction parallel to the grain

Note 1 to entry: Veneer length shall be always the first dimension (Length×Width), even the length is smaller than the width.

3.1.27

veneer minimum length

smallest distance measured in a direction parallel to the grain

3.1.28

veneer thickness

dimension of the veneer perpendicular to the face (3.1.9)

3.1.29

veneer width

dimension of the veneer measured in a direction perpendicular to the grain and parallel to the face

3.2.1

eccentric quarter cutting

quarter-round slicing

semi-rotary slicing

rift cutting

production method whereby veneers are obtained by fixing a quarter-log on the stay-log

Note 1 to entry: This results in veneers with a striped figure or in the form of a half-cathedral.

3.2.2

flat quarter slicing, tangential

Swedish quarter slicing

production method whereby veneers are obtained when the cut is made tangentially to the direction of the growth rings and perpendicularly to the rays, and cutting commences from the heart-side of the log

3.2.3

flat slicing

back cutting

plain slicing

flat cutting

production method whereby veneers are obtained when the cut is made tangentially to the direction of the growth rings and perpendicularly to the rays, and cutting commences from the sapwood side of the log

3.2.4

half-round back cutting

production method whereby veneers are obtained by fixing the log on the sapwood side on the stay-log

3.2.5

quarter cathedral cutting

production method whereby veneers are obtained by fixing a third- or quarter- log on the sapwood side on the stay-log

Note 1 to entry: Veneers are cut from the heart-side.

3.2.6

rotary cut veneer

peeled veneer

veneer continuously cut in a lathe which rotates a log or bolt, against a knife which is fixed over the whole length of the log and set at a slight angle

3.2.7

sawn veneer

veneer produced by sawing a log or a flitch (3.1.10)

3.2.8

semi-rotary cut veneer

veneer cut purposely in a non-continuous ribbon in a lathe which rotates a log or bolt, chucked eccentrically, against a knife which is fixed over the whole length of the log and set at a slight angle

3.2.9

sliced veneer

veneer produced by thrusting a log or a flitch (3.1.10) into a slicing machine which slices off the veneers as sheets

3.2.10

true half-round cutting

production method whereby veneers are obtained by eccentric rotary cutting when the log is cut with a wider sweep than when it is mounted with its centre secured in the lathe

3.2.11

true quarter slicing

production method whereby veneers are obtained by quarter slicing a portion (1/4, 1/3) of a log, the cut being radial, perpendicular to the annual growth rings

3.3.1

bird’s eye

figure showing many small circular or elliptical areas resembling a bird’s eye, due to local sharp depressions in the annual rings (e.g. maple)

3.3.2

blister grain

figure in which the wood, while smooth, appears to be covered with blisters (depressed or elevated small roundish areas), due to uneven annual rings

Note 1 to entry: Such a figure is only obtained on flat-sawn or rotary cut surfaces.

3.3.3

burr veneer

burl veneer

veneer obtained from fairly rare woody outgrowths (clusters of dormant buds and knots) appearing on trees around grafts or injuries or, rarely, forming spontaneously in few wood species

3.3.4

component

individual piece of veneer that is jointed to other pieces to obtain a full length and full width sheet

3.3.5

crotch figure

curl

figure obtained by cutting through the junction of a branch and the main stem of a tree

3.3.6

crown figure

cathedral figure

flame pattern figure

appearance characterized by a series of stacked and inverted “V” and/or cathedral type of earlywood and latewood patterns common in plain-sliced (flat-cut) veneer

3.3.7

double-faced effect

apparent colour differences due to different light refraction in book matched veneers

Note 1 to entry: This occurs because in adjacent veneers the loose side and tight side faces alternate, thus reflecting the light differently.

3.3.8

fiddle back figure

irregular figure, caused by wavy and curly grain, with light coloured irregular stripes perpendicular to the direction of the grain, traditionally used to decorate the backs of violins

3.3.9

finger roll figure

wavy

wavy figure in which the waves are about the width of a finger (e.g. redwood, sequoia, etc.)

3.3.10

gummed paper jointing

jointing together two veneers edge to edge by means of a strip of gummed paper, prior to overlaying

Note 1 to entry: The paper will be removed before sanding the final product.

3.3.11

half crown figure

half flame

figure corresponding to half of a cathedral figure

3.3.12

matching

assembling veneers in a sequence according to their own sequential number, or in order to obtain specific dimensions and the pattern desired

Note 1 to entry: See Figure B.1.

3.3.12.1

book matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby alternating veneers from a flitch (3.1.10) or log are turned over so that adjacent veneers are “opened”, as two pages in a book

3.3.12.2

butt matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby veneers are assembled as for book matching (3.3.12.1) , but the ends of the veneers are also matched

Note 1 to entry: In this case, the veneers must also be flipped end to end and the ends matched.

3.3.12.3

centre matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby an even number of veneers, not necessarily with the same width, is assembled symmetrically with respect to the central joint

3.3.12.4

diamond matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby four veneers are cut diagonally and assembled to form a diamond

3.3.12.5

four-piece matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby four veneers in cutting sequence are butt-matched forming a square

3.3.12.6

harlequin matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby strips of veneers of different colours are assembled to achieve the desired dimensions

3.3.12.7

herringbone matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby adjacent silver grain veneers are assembled at an angle, so that the resulting figure is reminiscent of the bones of a fish

3.3.12.8

mismatching

random matching

adjacent veneers are assembled at random without regard to texture (3.1.17) , figure and/or colour

3.3.12.9

colour matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby veneers are assembled by colour similarity

3.3.12.10

reverse diamond matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby similar to diamond matching (3.3.12.4) , but the veneers are assembled so that all grain directions run towards the middle

3.3.12.11

running matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby veneers in sequence of slicing are assembled until the desired width is reached

Note 1 to entry: If a portion of a veneer is left over, it becomes the start of the next sheet.

3.3.12.12

slip matching

boule assembling

matching (3.3.12) whereby veneers are slipped out in sequence of slicing and assembled, all of them with the same side being exposed

3.3.12.13

sunburst matching

matching (3.3.12) whereby veneers in sequence of slicing are trimmed into pie-shaped pieces and book-matched with the points meeting at the centre

3.3.13

moiré figure

wavy figure resembling sea waves, due to overlapping of interlocked grain and curl (e.g. avodiré, makoré, etc.)

3.3.14

mottle figure

figure consisting of broken up cross markings, intermingled with stripes (sometimes appearing as a regular checkerboard pattern), giving the impression of an uneven surface, due to wavy and interlocked grain (e.g. sapele, satinwood, black bean, etc.)

3.3.15

pommele figure

figure in which a series of apparently uneven reflections produce a visual effect of high and bas-relief on adjacent small roundish areas, resembling apples (e.g. sapele, mahogany, bubinga, etc.)

Note 1 to entry: The name derives from the French word “pomme = apple”.

3.3.16

quilted figure

figure similar to “blister figure” but larger and with elongated and closely crowded bulges (e.g. maple, mahogany, moabi, sapele, etc.)

3.3.17

ribbon stripe

ribbon grain

ribbon effect produced by quarter slicing woods with interlocking grains

3.3.18

silver figure

flake

figure appearing on the veneer perpendicular to the direction of the grain, developed only in those species that have very heavy medullary ray growth, when the cut is radial or nearly radial (e.g. oak)

3.4.1

burn-mark

darkening or charring on an overlaid veneer caused by frictional heat, by worn sanding paper, or by excessive heat during application

3.4.2

calcium

inorganic material incorporated by the tree during growth, light coloured, appearing sporadically in the pores of some wood species (e.g. rosewood)

3.4.3

condensate

coloured tannic acid deposit which appears on the veneer surface as a result of a too extreme drying process

3.4.4

corrugated buckled veneer

veneer that has waving due to irregularities in the wood structure

3.4.5

delamination

separation of plies or layers in a multilaminar veneer (3.1.14)

3.4.6

discoloration

any variation from the natural colour of wood, which does not affect its fitness to the purpose

3.4.7

dryer print

marking from the dryer bands on the veneer surface resulting from faulty or badly maintained dryer bands

3.4.8

flattening

operation for flattening corrugated veneers

3.4.9

gap

open splits in improperly joined veneers

3.4.10

harsh grained surface

more or less extensive surface roughness (3.4.20) , due to micro-fissures on the veneer surface

3.4.11

hollow punch

machine with multi-shaped blades for removing damaged parts of veneer, which are to be replaced by other parts obtained with the same machine

3.4.12

knife marks

slicing marks

indentations perpendicular to the grain, due to slicing, which normally disappear after the sanding operation

3.4.13

imprint

localized hollow or swelling (bump) on the veneer

3.4.14

lap

condition where part of a component (3.3.4) of the veneer overlaps another component

3.4.15

miscut

flaws in the veneer resulting from faulty processing

3.4.16

open defect

open checks, open splits, open joints, knotholes, wormholes, gaps (3.4.9) , voids or other openings interrupting the smooth continuity of the wood surface

3.4.17

patch

insertion of fillers or sound wood placed into veneers from which defective portions had been removed or were missing

3.4.18

pith flecks

dark marks on the veneers of a few wood species, such as birch and maple, averaging 4 cm to 5 cm in length and 2 mm to 3 mm in width, usually parallel to the direction of the grain and irregular in shape, caused by insects

3.4.19

resin pocket

pocket-shaped resin inclusions in softwood which can cause open defects (3.4.16) in the veneer

3.4.20

roughness

unevenness occurring on the surface of the veneer, due to irregularities in the structure of wood or due to defective manufacturing

3.4.21

shim

thin, often tapered, piece of wood used to fill in the space between components (3.3.4)

3.4.22

sugar

hair

fine, hair-like marking which can extend over the entire veneer surface (e.g. pear, maple, etc.)

3.4.23

surface checking

hair

telegraphing of peeler checks through to the veneers surface

3.4.24

swirl

irregular grain usually surrounding knots or crotches

3.4.25

torn grain

roughened condition (resembling hairiness) of the surface of veneers which may occur due to fibre rising (non cohesion of wood fibres)

3.4.26

whiskers

medium-size pith flecks (3.4.18) (e.g. beech)