ISO 19434:2017 鉱業—鉱山事故の分類 | ページ 6

3.1

accident

unplanned event that can result in injury or ill health of people, and/or damage to or loss of property, plants, materials, machinery, processes or the environment, and business opportunity

3.2

accident cause

factor or factors that act together to produce an accident

3.3

air blast

airborne shock wave or acoustic transient generated by an explosion

3.4

backfilling

filling in again of a place from which the rock or ore has been removed

3.5

blocking

obstruction of the ore passes by ore material or rock that refuses to pass

3.6

brattice curtain

line brattice

line canvas

line curtain

fire-resistant fabric or plastic partition used in a mine passage to confine the air and force it into the working place

3.7

detonation

explosion where the shock waves are supersonic

Note 1 to entry: Detonation involves a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.

Note 2 to entry: Detonations are observed in both conventional solid and liquid explosives, as well as in reactive gases. The velocity of detonations in solid and liquid explosives is higher than that in gaseous ones, which allows the wave system to be measured with greater detail.

3.8

dust

fine particles of a solid that can remain suspended in air with a particle size larger than that of a fume

Note 1 to entry: Dusts are produced by mechanical action, such as grinding.

Note 2 to entry: Some dusts can be harmful to an employee’s health.

3.9

dust explosion

fast combustion of dust particles suspended in the air in an enclosed location

Note 1 to entry: Coal dust explosions are a frequent hazard in underground coal mines, but dust explosions can occur where any powdered combustible material is present in an enclosed atmosphere or, in general, in high enough concentrations of dispersed combustible particles in atmosphere or other suitable gaseous medium such as molecular oxygen.

3.10

explosive

chemical which detonates after introduction of a stimulus appropriate initiation, so that the reaction front moves through the explosive at a higher speed than the sonic velocity of the material

Note 1 to entry: Upon detonation, an explosive releases large volumes of gaseous products and energy on the surrounding rock, which causes fragmentation, shattering, or shearing.

Note 2 to entry: The ingredients of an explosive, which are combinations of fuels and oxidizers, are converted to high pressure, high temperature gases upon detonation.

3.11

face

exposed area of a working place from which a mineral, rock, ore or coal is being extracted

3.12

failure

<of rocks> rock instability occurring when applied force exceeds maximum rock strength

3.13

failure

<of objective> state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective

3.14

fly rock

fugitive rock fragments propelled from the blast area by the force of an explosion

3.15

injury

damage to a biological organism caused by physical harm

3.16

noise

unwanted sound that can lead to hearing loss or stress, or to interfere with the ability to hear other sound or to communicate

3.17

outburst

violent evolution of combustible gases (usually together with large quantities of coal dust) from a working face

Note 1 to entry: The occurrence is violent and can overwhelm the workings and fill the entire district with gaseous mixtures.

Note 2 to entry: Roadways advancing into virgin and stressed areas of coal are particularly prone to outbursts in certain seams and faults often intersect in the area.

3.18

rock burst

sudden and often violent breaking of a mass of rock from the walls of a tunnel, mine, or deep quarry, caused by failure of highly stressed rock and the rapid or instantaneous release of accumulated strain energy

3.19

roof fall

mine cave-in, especially in permanent areas such as entries

3.20

spalling

violent formation of slabs which separate from a strained surface

Note 1 to entry: If the force is sufficient for the slab to be ejected from the surface this would constitute one form of strainburst.

3.21

stowing

debris of a vein thrown back from a continuous miner machine and which supports the roof or hanging wall of the excavation