ISO 20623:2017 石油および関連製品—潤滑剤の極圧および耐摩耗性の測定— 4ボール法（ヨーロッパの条件） | ページ 2

Foreword

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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives ).

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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20623:2003), which has been technically revised.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

• this document has been extended to all types of liquid lubricants and greases, whereas previously it applied only to fire-resistant hydraulic fluids;
• the procedures have been technically revised but the essentials remain the same;
• the test balls have been better specified (see Annex A) and calculations for the wear test have been included;
• the calibration procedure of the friction recorder springs has been deleted and reference is now made to the manufacturer's instructions.

Introduction

The four-ball machine is widespread and commonly used to assess the anti-wear properties of all types of liquid lubricants, lubricating greases and other consistent lubricants.

An electrical motor, the rotational speed of which depends on the frequency of the current, actuates the four-ball machine. So, depending on the country where the machines are used, the results obtained cannot be compared.

ASTM has standardized several procedures with these methods, based on the use of the four-ball machine:

• ASTM D2266;
• ASTM D4172;
• ASTM D2596;
• ASTM D2783.

The Energy Institute has standardized IP 239.

DIN has standardized DIN 51350, divided into five parts:

• Part 1: General working principles;
• Part 2: Determination of the welding load of liquid lubricants;
• Part 3: Determination of the wearing characteristics of liquid lubricants;
• Part 4: Determination of the welding load of consistent lubricants;
• Part 5: Determination of the wearing characteristics of consistent lubricants.

DIN, ASTM and Energy Institute test methods stipulate different rotational speeds.

Table 1 summarizes the test conditions for the above standards.

The purpose of this document is to propose a single standard to evaluate the extreme-pressure and the anti-wear properties of all types of lubricants, with the 4-ball machine, based on a single rotational speed of 1 450 r/min.

The operating procedures take into account all the features present on the machines available on the market.

The lubricants' properties involved are as follows:

• a) initial seizure load (ISL);
• b) weld load (WL);
• c) wear-load curve;
• d) Load-Wear Index (LWI);
• e) anti-wear characteristics short duration (MWSD) (10 s or 60 s) and long duration (60 min).

1 Scope

This document specifies procedures for the measurement of the extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear properties of liquid lubricants (categories C, D, F, G, H, M, P of ISO 6743-99), lubricating greases (ISO 6743-9, category X) and other consistent lubricants. The test conditions are not intended to simulate particular service conditions, but to provide information over a range of standard conditions for the purpose of research, development, quality control and fluid ranking. The output is used in lubricant specifications.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Bibliography