ISO 8178-2:2008 レシプロ内燃エンジン—排気ガス測定—パート2：フィールド条件下でのガス状および粒子状排気ガスの測定 | ページ 5

3.1

particulates

material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting diesel exhaust with clean filtered air to a temperature greater than 315 K (42 °C) and less than or equal to 325 K (52 °C) as measured at a point immediately upstream of the primary filter

Note 1 to entry: Particulates defined in this part of ISO 8178 are substantially different in composition and weight from particulates or dust sampled directly from the undiluted exhaust gas using a hot filter method (e.g. ISO 9096). Particulate measurement as described in this part of ISO 8178 is conclusively proven to be effective for fuel sulfur levels up to 0,8 %.

Note 2 to entry: The filter temperature requirement has been changed compared to ISO 8178-1 to reflect the latest U.S. environmental protection agency (EPA) and EC legal requirements. Existing systems built in compliance with the requirements of ISO 8178-1 can still be used with the agreement of the parties involved.

3.2

partial-flow dilution method

process of separating a part of the raw exhaust from total exhaust flow, then mixing in an appropriate amount of dilution air to this sample prior to the sample filter

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 8178-1:2006, 17.2.1, Figures 10 to 18.

3.3

full-flow dilution method

process of mixing dilution air with the total exhaust flow prior to separating a fraction of the diluted exhaust stream for analysis

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 8178-1:2006, 17.2.2, Figure 19.

Note 2 to entry: It is common in many full-flow dilution systems to dilute this fraction of pre-diluted exhaust a second time to obtain appropriate filter sample temperatures at the particulate filter. (See ISO 8178-1:2006, 17.3, Figures 20 and 21.)

3.4

isokinetic sampling

process of controlling the flow of the exhaust sample by maintaining the mean sample velocity at the probe equal to the exhaust stream mean velocity

3.5

non-isokinetic sampling

process of controlling the flow of the exhaust sample independent of the exhaust stream velocity

3.6

multiple-filter method

process of using one (pair of) filter(s) for each individual test mode or operating point

3.7

single-filter method

process of using one (pair of) filter(s) for all test modes or the whole in-use test sequence

3.8

specific emission

mass emissions expressed in g/kWh

3.9

brake power

observed power measured at the crankshaft or its equivalent, the engine being equipped only with the standard auxiliaries necessary for its operation on the test bed

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 8178-1:2006, 5.3, and ISO 14396.

3.10

auxiliaries

equipment and devices listed in ISO 14396

Note 1 to entry: For many engine types within the scope of this part of ISO 8178, the auxiliaries which will be fitted to the engine in service will not be known at the time of manufacture or certification.

Note 2 to entry: When it is not appropriate to test the engine in the conditions defined in ISO 14396, e.g. if the engine and transmission form a single integral unit, the engine can only be tested with other auxiliaries fitted. In this case the dynamometer settings should be determined in accordance with ISO 8178-1. Where auxillary losses exceed 5 % of the maximum observed power, approval between the parties is needed prior to the test.

3.11

field conditions

conditions under which the engine under test is installed in, and coupled with, the actual equipment or vehicle, which is driven by the engine, and conditions under which the equipment or vehicle is allowed to function in normal use