ISO/IEC 23837-1:2023 情報セキュリティ ―量子鍵配布のセキュリティ要件と試験・評価方法― Part 1: 要件 | ページ 6

3.1

adversary

attacker

entity seeking to exploit potential vulnerabilities of a quantum key distribution system (3.28)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19792:2009, 4.1.2, modified — “adversary” has been added as an admitted term; in the definition, “person” has been replaced by “entity”, and “biometric system” has been replaced by “quantum key distribution system”.]

3.2

authentication

provision of assurance of the claimed identity of an entity

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 10181-2:1996, 3.3]

3.3

classical channel

communication channel that is used by two communicating parties for exchanging data encoded in a form which may be non-destructively read and fully reproduced

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 003 V2.1.1:2018]

3.4

component

<QKD module> constituent part of a quantum key distribution (QKD) module (3.23)

Note 1 to entry: A term with the same name of component is defined in ISO/IEC 15408-1 for a security requirement element group. The user of this document can distinguish which term is referenced from the context.

3.5

cryptographic module

set of hardware, software, and/or firmware that implements security functions and are contained within the cryptographic boundary

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19790:2012, 3.25]

3.6

decoding

procedure of converting quantum signals (3.32) into classical information

3.7

detection efficiency

probability that a photon, of a specific energy (spectral frequency) or wavelength, incident at the optical input is detected within a detection gate, and produces an output signal

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018]

3.8

double-click event

event indicating simultaneous detection of two single-photon detectors (3.37)

3.9

encoding

procedure of converting classical information into quantum signals (3.32)

3.10

error corrected data

keying material obtained after correcting the bit errors in the sifted data (3.36)

3.11

error correction

process of correcting errors in data that may have been corrupted due to errors during transmission or in storage

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018]

3.12

final key

key generated by a complete run of a quantum key distribution session (3.27)

3.13

homodyne detection

method to detect quadrature of a weak signal through interfering the weak signal with a strong phase reference

3.14

keying material

data necessary to establish and maintain cryptographic keying relationships

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 11770-1:2010, 2.27]

3.15

non-deterministic random bit generator

NRBG

random bit generator whose security depends upon sampling one or more entropy sources

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 18031:2011, 3.23, modified — “an” has been replaced by “one or more”, note 1 to entry has been removed.]

3.16

parameter adjustment procedure

procedure or function aiming to adjust specific parameter(s) of a system

3.17

post-processing

quantum key distribution protocol (3.24) procedure for converting raw data (3.33) into a final key (3.12)

3.18

pre-shared key

key pre-established in secure ways between the legitimate parties before initiating a quantum key distribution (QKD) session (3.27)

Note 1 to entry: A pre-shared key is used to authenticate messages sent over the classical channel (3.3) during the first QKD session.

3.19

privacy amplification

process of extracting keys from partially compromised data

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018, modified — “distilling secret keys” has been replaced by “extracting keys”.]

3.20

quantum channel

communication channel for transmitting quantum signals (3.32)

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018]

3.21

quantum key distribution

QKD

procedure or method for two legitimate parties to agree on symmetric keys using a pre-shared key (3.18) , whose security is based on quantum information theory

Note 1 to entry: In some QKD protocols (3.24) , establishment of keys occurs jointly involving both legitimate parties, while in others one party generates keys that are eventually transported to the other party.

3.22

quantum key distribution authentication key

QKD authentication key

cryptographic key used to authenticate messages over the classical channel (3.3) of a quantum key distribution system (3.28)

3.23

quantum key distribution module

QKD module

set of hardware, software and/or firmware components (3.4) that implements the functions of a quantum key distribution transmitter party (3.30) or receiver party (3.26)

3.24

quantum key distribution protocol

QKD protocol

protocol that implements the function of quantum key distribution (3.21)

3.25

quantum key distribution receiver module

QKD receiver module

functional module in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system (3.28) corresponding to the QKD receiver party (3.26) of the implemented QKD protocol (3.24)

3.26

quantum key distribution receiver party

QKD receiver party

quantum signal (3.32) receiver in a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol (3.24)

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018, modified — the term has been changed from"Bob" to"quantum key distribution receiver party"; in the definition, “information” has been replaced by “signal”.]

3.27

quantum key distribution session

QKD session

session comprising a series of operations defined in a quantum key distribution protocol (3.24) to generate a final key (3.12) , which generally includes the stages of raw data generation (3.34) and post-processing (3.17)

3.28

quantum key distribution system

QKD system

system that implements quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols (3.24) , including at least two QKD modules (3.23) as well as the interconnecting quantum (3.20) and classical channels (3.3)

3.29

quantum key distribution transmitter module

QKD transmitter module

functional module in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system (3.28) corresponding to the QKD transmitter party (3.30) of the implemented QKD protocol (3.24)

3.30

quantum key distribution transmitter party

QKD transmitter party

quantum signal (3.32) sender in a quantum key distribution protocol (3.24)

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018, modified — the term has been changed from"Alice" to"quantum key distribution transmitter party"; in the definition, “information” has been replaced by “signal”,"system" has been replaced with"protocol", and “transmitter” has been removed.]

3.31

quantum random bit generator

QRBG

random bit generator that generates random bits based on principles of quantum mechanics

3.32

quantum signal

signal described by a quantum mechanical state

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018]

3.33

raw data

keying material (3.14) generated by measuring quantum states of the signal pulse

3.34

raw data generation

quantum key distribution protocol (3.24) procedure of generating raw data (3.33) by transmitting and detecting quantum signals (3.32)

Note 1 to entry: This term is also known as “raw key exchange” in the quantum key distribution community.

3.35

sifting

procedure in the post-processing (3.17) of a quantum key distribution protocol (3.24) to generate sifted data (3.36) by processing raw data (3.33)

3.36

sifted data

data obtained by the legitimate users from sifting raw data (3.33) according to an agreed strategy

3.37

single-photon detector

device that transforms a single-photon into a detectable signal with non-zero probability

[SOURCE:ETSI GR QKD 007 V1.1.1:2018, modified — “finite probability” has been replaced by “non-zero probability”.]