ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 情報技術— eラーニング、教育、トレーニングにおける個別の適応性とアクセシビリティ—パート1：フレームワークと参照モデル | ページ 5

2.1

access for all

AfA

approach to providing accessibility (2.2) in a computer-mediated environment in which the digital resources (2.11) and their method of delivery are matched to the needs and preferences of the user

[SOURCE: IMS AccessForAll Meta-data Specification Version 1]

2.2

accessibility

usability (2.26) of a product, service, environment or facility by individuals (2.20) with the widest range of capabilities

Note 1 to entry: Although “accessibility” typically addresses users who have a disability, the concept is not limited to disability issues.

Note 2 to entry: Adapted from ISO/TS 16071:2003, 3.2.

2.3

access mode

human sense perceptual system or cognitive faculty through which a user may process or perceive the content of a digital resource (2.11)

2.4

adaptability

ability of a digital resource (2.11) or delivery system to adjust the presentation, control methods, structure, access mode (2.3) , and user supports, when delivered

2.5

adaptation

digital resource (2.11) that presents the intellectual content (2.23) of all or part of another digital resource (2.11)

Note 1 to entry: Adaptations can also include the adjustment of the presentation, control methods, access mode, structure and user supports.

2.6

AfA agent

someone, i.e. a real person, or something, i.e. automatons (2.7) , acting on behalf of an individual (2.20) in a clearly specified capacity in an access for all (2.1) context

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from definition of “agent” in ISO/IEC 15944-1:2002, 3.1.

2.7

AfA automaton

distinct set of instructions or software designed to perform a predefined function in an access for all (2.1) context when so required by an individual (2.20)

Note 1 to entry: Common words for automatons include IT agent, robot, crawler, wizard, etc.

2.8

assistive technology

alternative access system

specialized software and/or hardware used in place of or in addition to commonly used software or hardware for control, display (2.15) or processing

2.9

data element

unit of data for which the definition, identification, representation and permissible values are specified by means of a set of attributes

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-1:2004, 3.3.8]

2.10

dataset

identifiable collection of data

Note 1 to entry: A dataset can be a smaller grouping of data which, though limited by some constraint such as spatial extent or feature type, is located physically within a larger dataset. Theoretically, a dataset can be as small as a single feature or feature attribute contained within a larger dataset. A hardcopy map or chart can be considered a dataset.

2.11

digital resource

DR

any type of resource that can be transmitted over and/or accessed via an information technology system (2.22)

Note 1 to entry: A digital resource can be referenced via an unambiguous and stable identifier in a recognized identification system (e.g. ISBN, ISAN, UPC/EAN, URI).

2.12

digital resource delivery

presentation of a digital resource (2.11) by a display (2.15)

2.13

disability

any obstacle to the use of a digital resource (2.11) experienced because of a mismatch between the needs of a user and the digital resource (2.11) delivered

Note 1 to entry: Disability in an AfA context is not a personal trait but a consequence of the relationship between the user and their resource system.

Note 2 to entry: In an e-learning context, disability refers to a mismatch between the needs of a learner and both the educational resource and/or the method of delivery.

2.14

disability

any restriction or lack [resulting from an impairment (2.19) ] of ability to perform an activity in the manner, or within the range, considered normal for a human being

Note 1 to entry: This definition of “disability” is included to ensure that users who may have “legal rights” to assistive technologies are served.

Note 2 to entry: Adapted from World Health Organization Document A29/INFDOCI/1, Geneva, Switzerland, 1976.

2.15

display

rendering or presentation of a user interface and/or digital resource (2.11) in a range of access modes (2.3)

Note 1 to entry: Access modes include, but are not limited to, visual, auditory, olfactory, textual and tactile.

2.16

display transformability

characteristic of a digital resource (2.11) that supports changes to specific aspects of its display (2.15)

Note 1 to entry: See the coded domain in ISO/IEC 24751-3:2008, B.3.

2.17

display transformation

DT

restyling or reconfiguration of the rendering or presentation of a user interface and/or digital resource (2.11)

2.18

e-learning

learning facilitated by information and communications technology

2.19

impairment

any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from World Health Organization Document A29/INFDOCI/1, Geneva, Switzerland, 1976.

2.20

individual

human being, i.e. a natural person, who acts as a distinct indivisible entity or is considered as such

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO/IEC 15944-1:2002, 3.28.

2.21

individualized accessibility

facility of an IT system (2.22) based learning environment to address the needs of an individual as learner [through adaptation (2.5) , re-aggregation and substitution]

Note 1 to entry: Accessibility is determined by the flexibility of the education environment (with respect to presentation, control methods, structure, access mode and learner supports) and the availability of equivalent content deemed to be adequate alternatives.

2.22

information technology system

IT system

set of one or more computers, associated software, peripherals, terminals, human operations, physical processes, information transfer means, that form an autonomous whole, capable of performing information processing and/or information transfer

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14662:2004, 3.1.8]

2.23

intellectual content

recorded information of a digital resource (2.11) independent of its representation and/or access mode (2.3)

2.24

language

system of signs for communication, usually consisting of a vocabulary and rules

Note 1 to entry: In this part of ISO/IEC 24751, language refers to “natural languages” or “special languages” but not “programming languages” or “artificial languages”.

[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2001, 1.1.2.01]

2.25

off-line learning

learning independent of connection to an IT system (2.22)

2.26

usability

extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals, with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction, in a specified context of use

[SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:1998, 3.1]