ISO/IEC TR 29119-13:2022 ソフトウェアおよびシステム工学 — ソフトウェア テスト — Part 13: 生体認証システムのテストにおける ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 シリーズの使用 | ページ 6

3.1.1

biometric characteristic

biological and behavioural characteristic of an individual from which distinguishing, repeatable biometric features (3.1.3) can be extracted for the purpose of biometric recognition (3.1.6)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.01.02, modified — The deprecated term has been removed.]

3.1.2

biometric data

biometric sample (3.1.9) or aggregation of biometric samples at any stage of processing

Note 1 to entry: Biometric data need not be attributable to a specific individual, e.g. Universal Background Models.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.03.06]

3.1.3

biometric feature

number or label extracted from biometric samples (3.1.9) and used for comparison (3.1.14)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.03.11, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]

3.1.4

biometric identification

process of searching against a biometric enrolment database to find and return the biometric reference (3.1.7) identifier(s) attributable to a single individual

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.08.02, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]

3.1.5

biometric probe

biometric query

biometric sample (3.1.9) or biometric feature (3.1.3) set input to an algorithm for biometric comparison (3.1.14) to a biometric reference(s) (3.1.7)

Note 1 to entry: In some comparisons, a biometric reference can be used as the subject of the comparison with other biometric references or incoming biometric samples used as the objects of the comparisons. For example, in a duplicate enrolment check, a biometric reference will be used as the subject for comparisons against all other biometric references in the database.

Note 2 to entry: Typically in a biometric comparison process, incoming biometric samples serve as the subject of comparisons against objects stored as biometric references in a database.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.03.14, modified —"biometric query" has been changed from a preferred term to an admitted term.]

3.1.6

biometric recognition

biometrics

automated recognition of individuals based on their biological and behavioural characteristics

Note 1 to entry: Biometric recognition encompasses biometric verification (3.1.12) and biometric identification (3.1.4) .

Note 2 to entry: Automated recognition implies that a machine-based system is used for the recognition either for the full process or assisted by a human being.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.01.03, modified — The original notes 1, 2, 5 and 6 to entry have been removed; notes 3 and 4 to entry have been renumbered as notes 1 and 2 to entry.]

3.1.7

biometric reference

one or more stored biometric samples (3.1.9) , biometric templates (3.1.11) or biometric models attributed to a biometric data (3.1.2) subject and used as the object of biometric comparison (3.1.14)

Note 1 to entry: A biometric reference may be created with implicit or explicit use of auxiliary data, such as Universal Background Models.

Note 2 to entry: The subject/object labelling in a comparison can be arbitrary. In some comparisons, a biometric reference can potentially be used as the subject of the comparison with other biometric references or incoming samples and input to an biometric algorithm for comparison. For example, in a duplicate enrolment check a biometric reference will be used as the subject for comparison against all other biometric references in the database.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.03.16]

3.1.8

biometric reference adaptation

automatic incremental updating of a biometric reference (3.1.7)

Note 1 to entry: Biometric reference adaptation can be used to improve performance (e.g. adapting the reference to take account of variability of an individual’s biometric characteristics (3.1.1) and to mitigate performance degradation (e.g. due to changes in biometric characteristics over time).

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.05.05]

3.1.9

biometric sample

analogue or digital representation of biometric characteristics (3.1.1) prior to biometric feature (3.1.3) extraction

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.03.21]

3.1.10

biometric system

system for the purpose of the biometric recognition (3.1.6) of individuals based on their behavioural and biological characteristics

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.02.03, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]

3.1.11

biometric template

reference biometric feature set

set of stored biometric features (3.1.3) comparable directly to a biometric probe (3.1.5)

Note 1 to entry: A biometric reference (3.1.7) consisting of an image, or other captured biometric sample (3.1.13) , in its original, enhanced or compressed form, is not a biometric template.

Note 2 to entry: The biometric features are not considered to be a biometric template unless they are stored for reference.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.03.22, modified —"reference biometric feature set" has been changed from a preferred term to an admitted term.]

3.1.12

biometric verification

DEPRECATED:authentication

process of confirming a biometric claim through comparison (3.1.14)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.08.03, modified — Notes to entry have been removed; the deprecated term has been added.]

3.1.13

captured biometric sample

DEPRECATED:raw biometric sample

biometric sample (3.1.9) resulting from a biometric capture process

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.03.25]

3.1.14

comparison

DEPRECATED:match

DEPRECATED:matching

estimation, calculation or measurement of similarity or dissimilarity between biometric probe(s) (3.1.5) and biometric reference(s) (3.1.7)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.05.07]

3.1.15

decision policy

one or more rules used to determine whether a biometric comparison (3.1.14) results in a positive or negative match

Note 1 to entry: The decision policy often includes a threshold above which a comparison score is considered a match.

3.1.16

detection error trade-off

DET

relationship between false-negative and false-positive errors of a binary classification system as the discrimination threshold varies

Note 1 to entry: The DET may be represented as a DET table or a DET plot.

Note 2 to entry: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used in the previous edition of this document. The ROC is unified with the DET.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19795-1:2021, 3.28]

3.1.17

failure to acquire

FTA

failure to accept for subsequent comparison (3.1.14) the biometric sample (3.1.9) of the biometric characteristic (3.1.1) of interest output from the biometric capture process

Note 1 to entry: Acceptance of the output of a biometric capture process for subsequent comparison will depend on policy.

Note 2 to entry: Possible causes of failure to acquire include failure to capture (3.1.19) , failure to extract, poor biometric sample quality, algorithmic deficiencies and biometric characteristics outside the range of the system.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.03]

3.1.18

failure-to-acquire rate

FTAR

proportion of a specified set of biometric acquisition processes that were failures to acquire (3.1.17)

Note 1 to entry: The results of the biometric acquisition processes may be biometric probes (3.1.5) or biometric references (3.1.7) .

Note 2 to entry: The experimenter specifies which biometric probe (or biometric reference) acquisitions are in the set, as well as the criteria for deeming a biometric acquisition process has failed.

Note 3 to entry: The proportion is the number of processes that failed divided by the total number of biometric acquisition processes within the specified set.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.04]

3.1.19

failure to capture

FTC

failure of the biometric capture process to produce a captured biometric sample (3.1.13) of the biometric characteristic (3.1.1) of interest

Note 1 to entry: The decision as to whether or not a biometric sample has been captured depends on system policy. For example, one system can use a low-quality fingerprint whereas another can declare it a failure to capture.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.05]

3.1.20

failure to enrol

FTE

failure to create and store a biometric enrolment data record for an eligible biometric capture subject in accordance with a biometric enrolment policy

Note 1 to entry: Not enrolling someone ineligible to enrol is not a failure to enrol.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.06]

3.1.21

failure-to-enrol rate

FTER

proportion of a specified set of biometric enrolment transactions that resulted in a failure to enrol (3.1.20)

Note 1 to entry: Basing the denominator on the number of biometric enrolment transactions can result in a higher value than basing it on the number of biometric capture subjects.

Note 2 to entry: If the FTER is to measure solely transactions that fail to complete due to quality of the submitted biometric data (3.1.2) , the denominator should not include transactions that fail due to non-biometric reasons (i.e. lack of eligibility due to age or citizenship).

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.07]

3.1.22

false accept rate

FAR

proportion of verification transactions with false biometric claims erroneously accepted

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19795-1:2021, 3.21]

3.1.23

false match

comparison (3.1.14) decision of a match for a biometric probe (3.1.5) and a biometric reference (3.1.7) that are from different biometric capture subjects

Note 1 to entry: It is recognized that this definition considers the false match at the subject level only, and not at the biometric characteristic (3.1.1) level. Sometimes a comparison can be made between a biometric probe and a biometric reference from different biometric characteristics of a single biometric capture subject. In some of these cases, for example, when comparing Galton ridges of different fingers of the same biometric data (3.1.2) subject, a comparison decision of match can be considered to be an error. In other cases, for example when comparing a mispronounced pass-phrase in text-dependent speaker recognition, a comparison decision of match can be considered to be correct.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.08]

3.1.24

false match rate

FMR

proportion of the completed biometric non-mated comparison (3.1.14) trials that result in a false match (3.1.23)

Note 1 to entry: The value computed for the false match rate depends on thresholds, and other parameters of the comparison process, and the protocol defining the biometric non-mated comparison trials.

Note 3 to entry: “Completed” refers to the computational processes required to make a comparison decision, i.e. failures to decide are excluded.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.09]

3.1.25

false-negative identification rate

FNIR

FNIR(N, R, T)

proportion of a specified set of identification transactions (3.1.30) by capture subjects enrolled in the system for which the subject’s correct reference identifier is not among those returned

Note 1 to entry: The false-negative identification rate can be expressed as a function of N, the number of enrolees, and of parameters of the identification process where only candidates up to rank R, and with a candidate score greater than threshold T are returned to the candidate list.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19795-1:2021, 3.22, modified —"FNIR(N, R, T)" has been changed from a preferred term to an admitted term.]

3.1.26

false non-match

comparison (3.1.14) decision of non-match for a biometric probe (3.1.5) and a biometric reference (3.1.7) that are from the same biometric capture subject and of the same biometric characteristic (3.1.1)

Note 1 to entry: There can need to be consideration on how much non-conformance to system policy on the part of the biometric capture subject is tolerated before the biometric probe and the biometric reference are deemed to be of different biometric characteristics.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.10]

3.1.27

false non-match rate

FNMR

proportion of the completed biometric mated comparison (3.1.14) trials that result in a false non-match (3.1.26)

Note 1 to entry: The value computed for the false non-match rate will depend on thresholds, and other parameters of the comparison process, and the protocol defining the biometric mated comparison trials.

Note 2 to entry: “Completed” refers to the computational processes required to make a comparison decision, i.e. failures to decide are excluded.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022, 37.09.11]

3.1.28

false-positive identification rate

FPIR

FPIR(N, T)

proportion of identification transactions (3.1.30) by capture subjects not enrolled in the system ここで, an identifier is returned

Note 1 to entry: The false-positive identification rate can be expressed as a function of parameters of the identification process for returning matched reference identifiers including comparison score threshold (T), and the number of enrolees in the system (N).

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19795-1:2021, 3.23, modified —"FPIR(N, T)" has been changed from a preferred term to an admitted term; the original notes 1 and 2 to entry have been replaced by a new note 1 to entry.]

3.1.29

false reject rate

FRR

proportion of verification transactions with true biometric claims erroneously rejected

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19795-1:2021, 3.20]

3.1.30

identification transaction

sequence of one or more capture attempts and biometric searches to find and return the biometric reference (3.1.7) identifier(s) attributable to a single individual

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 19795-1:2021, 3.10]

3.1.31

multi-modal biometric system

biometric system (3.1.10) based on multiple biometric characteristics (3.1.1)

3.1.32

throughput rate

number of subjects that can be processed by a biometric system (3.1.10) per unit time

Note 1 to entry: The throughput rate is dependent on both the system characteristics and those of the subjects.