ISO/IEC TS 17027:2014 適合性評価 — 人の認証に使用される人の能力に関連する語彙 | ページ 5

2.1

ability

capacity to perform an activity

2.2

accommodation of special needs

modification of assessment (2.8) methods or its administration made to account for the effects of a disability without altering the validity (2.79) of the assessment

2.3

accreditation

third-party attestation (2.9) related to a conformity assessment body conveying formal demonstration of its competence (2.25) to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks

Note 1 to entry: Accreditation refers to conformity assessment bodies only, and not to persons.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 5.6, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]

2.4

adverse impact of examinations

unanticipated examination (2.39) results for a specific group of persons

Note 1 to entry: Examples of specific groups of persons include groups based on race, gender, age, ethnic origin, language or religion.

2.5

appeal

request by applicant (2.6) , candidate (2.12) or certified person (2.22) for reconsideration of any decision made by the certification body (2.17) related to his/her desired certification (2.16) status

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.19]

2.6

applicant

person who has submitted an application to be admitted into a certification process (2.19)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.13]

2.7

approval of persons

procedure based on predefined factors and an issuance of a documented statement by which the governmental or other designated body recognizes persons to perform specific activities

Note 1 to entry: Certification (2.16) or other conformity assessment procedures can be a prerequisite for approval.

2.8

assessment

process that evaluates a person's fulfilment of the requirements of the certification scheme (2.21)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.8]

2.9

attestation

issue of a statement, based on a decision following a review, that fulfilment of specified requirements has been demonstrated

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 5.2, modified — Notes to entry have been removed.]

2.10

attribute

inherent characteristic of a person

2.11

bias

presence of any factors that can unfairly influence examination (2.39) items (2.52) , examination scores or certification (2.16) results

Note 1 to entry: Bias can occur at many points, such as when developing examination items, scoring examinations or making certification decisions.

2.12

candidate

applicant (2.6) who has fulfilled specified prerequisites and has been admitted to the certification process (2.19)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.14]

2.13

category of persons

certificate holders (2.15) who perform the same type of activities or tasks

2.14

certificate

document issued by a certification body (2.17) for persons operating in accordance with ISO/IEC 17024, indicating that the named person has demonstrated the competence (2.25) required by the certification scheme (2.21)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.5, modified]

2.15

certificate holder

person named as a subject of a valid certificate (2.14) or a valid training certificate (2.77.1)

2.16

certification

third-party attestation (2.9) related to persons

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 5.5, modified]

2.17

certification body

third-party conformity assessment body operating certification schemes (2.21) for persons

Note 1 to entry: A certification body can be non-governmental or governmental, with or without regulatory authority.

2.18

certification mark

certification logo

protected mark or logo issued by a certification body (2.17) for persons, indicating that a person is in conformity with specified requirements

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17030:2003, 3.1, modified]

2.19

certification process

activities by which a certification body (2.17) determines that a person fulfils certification requirements (2.20) , including application, assessment (2.8) , decision on certification (2.16) , recertification (2.64) and use of certificates (2.14) and logos/marks (2.18)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.1]

2.20

certification requirements

set of specified requirements, including requirements of the scheme to be fulfilled in order to establish or maintain certification (2.16)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.3]

2.21

certification scheme

competence (2.25) and other requirements related to specific occupational or skilled categories of persons (2.14)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.2, modified — Note to entry has been deleted.]

2.22

certified person

person who holds a certificate (2.14)

2.23

code of conduct

document specifying the ethical or personal behaviour required by a certification scheme (2.21)

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 8.2, Note 2.

2.24

code of practice

standard of practice

rules, requirements, responsibilities or conditions that describe the minimal level of expected performance of a category of persons (2.13)

2.25

competence

ability (2.1) to apply knowledge (2.56) and skills (2.74) to achieve intended results

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.6]

2.26

complaint

expression of dissatisfaction, other than appeal (2.5) , by any person or organization to a certification body (2.17) , relating to the activities of that body or the activities of a certified person (2.22) ここで, a response is expected

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 6.5, modified]

2.27

continuing professional development

continuing education

activities undertaken by a person after initial education or training (2.77) to maintain, improve or increase his/her knowledge (2.56) and skills (2.74) related to his/her professional activities

2.28

credential

recognition of qualification (2.63) or competence (2.25) issued to a person by an organization

2.29

credentialing

process by which an organization issues a credential (2.28)

2.30

criterion-referenced pass mark

criterion-referenced cut score

objective-based cut score

cut score (2.60) established by evaluating characteristics of the examination (2.39) , rather than by evaluating performance of the candidates (2.12) in the examination

2.31

designation

governmental authorization of a certification body (2.17) for persons to perform specified certification (2.16) activities for persons

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 7.2, modified]

2.32

designation for persons

awarding of a title or trademarked label to a person by a governmental or credentialing (2.29) organization

2.33

diagnostic score report

score report (2.71) that contains detailed examination (2.39) performance information, such as strengths and weaknesses

2.34

difficulty index

item difficulty

measure of the proportion of examinees who responded to an examination (2.39) item (2.52) or question correctly

Note 1 to entry: Difficulty index is also referred to as the p-value.

2.35

e-assessment

use of information technology for any activity related to assessment (2.8)

Note 1 to entry: Specific types of e-assessments include assessment of cognitive and practical abilities (2.1) through computerized adaptive testing or computerized classification testing.

2.36

eligibility

fulfilment of prerequisites by applicants (2.6)

Note 1 to entry: Prerequisites can include a combination of experience and education.

2.37

equating of examinations

process of determining comparable scores on different examination forms (2.43)

2.38

equivalence of certification results

different certification processes (2.19) which result in the same competence (2.25) outcomes

2.39

examination

test

mechanism that is part of an assessment (2.8) which measures a candidate's (2.12) competence (2.25) by one or more means, such as written, oral, practical and observational, as defined in the certification scheme (2.21)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.9, modified — The term “test” has been added as an alternative term.]

2.39.1

computer-based examination

computer-based test

CBT

examination (2.39) delivered through the use of a computer

2.39.2

criterion-referenced examination

examination (2.39) that compares the performance of examinees to an established standard of competence (2.25)

Note 1 to entry: Certification (2.16) and licence (2.58) examinations are typically criterion-referenced, rather than norm-referenced.

2.39.3

norm-referenced examination

examination (2.39) that compares the performance of an examinee to the performance of other examinees in the same examination

2.39.4

standardized examination

examination (2.39) in which specific procedures are consistently followed

Note 1 to entry: Specific procedures which are consistently followed allow examination scores to be comparable.

2.40

examination adaptation

process of modifying an examination (2.39) for use in other languages or cultures, based on linguistic, cultural and practice pattern differences

2.41

examination administration

process of delivering examinations (2.39) to examinees

Note 1 to entry: Examination administration typically involves standardized procedures and operational conditions.

2.42

examination blueprint

examination outline

listing of the content areas to be included in an examination (2.39) , together with the criteria (weighting) of the content areas on the overall examination

2.43

examination form

alternate sets of examination (2.39) questions assessing the same competences (2.25) within the same organization or body

2.44

examination modification

modification of an examination (2.39) or its administration (2.41) , made to account for the effects of a disability without altering the validity (2.79) of the examination

2.45

examination security

restriction of access to documents, examinations (2.39) , examination questions and examination scores

2.46

examiner

person competent to conduct and score an examination (2.39) ここで, the examination requires professional judgement

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.10]

2.47

examiner reliability

inter-rater reliability

inter-rater agreement

consistency with which different examiners (2.46) assign scores to the same observed performance of a candidate (2.12) or product produced by the candidate

2.48

fairness

equal opportunity for success provided to each candidate (2.12) in the certification process (2.19)

Note 1 to entry: Fairness includes freedom from bias (2.11) in examinations (2.39) .

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.16, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]

2.49

impartiality

presence of objectivity

Note 1 to entry: Objectivity means that conflicts of interest do not exist, or are resolved, so as not to adversely influence subsequent activities of the certification body (2.17) .

Note 2 to entry: Other terms that are useful in conveying the element of impartiality are: independence, freedom from conflict of interests, freedom from bias (2.11) , lack of prejudice, neutrality, fairness (2.48) , open-mindedness, even-handedness, detachment, and balance.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.15]

2.50

interested party

individual, group or organization affected by the performance of a certified person (2.22) or the certification body (2.17)

Note 1 to entry: Interested parties can be stakeholders.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.21, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]

2.51

invigilator

person authorized by the certification body (2.17) who administers or supervises an examination (2.39) , but does not evaluate the competence (2.25) of the candidate (2.12)

Note 1 to entry: Other terms for invigilator are proctor, examination administrator, supervisor.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.11]

2.52

item

question or specimen that appears on an examination (2.39)

2.53

item analysis

process for evaluating the performance of each item (2.52) in an examination (2.39) that provides information regarding item difficulty (2.34) and item discrimination (2.54)

2.54

item discrimination

measure of how well an item (2.52) is able to distinguish between examinees who are knowledgeable and those who are not

2.55

job analysis

method(s) used to identify the tasks and the associated competence (2.25)

Note 1 to entry: Methods generally involve analysis of the associated tasks, knowledge (2.56) , skills (2.74) or abilities that constitute competence as required by the scope of work.

Note 2 to entry: Job analysis provides the basis for the validity (2.79) of any assessments (2.8) used in issuing credentials (2.28) .

Note 3 to entry: Other terms for job analysis are job-task analysis, practice analysis, performance analysis and role-delineation study.

2.56

knowledge

facts, information, truths, principles or understanding acquired through experience or education

2.57

learning outcomes

what a person is expected to know, understand or be able to do at the end of a training (2.77) programme, course or module

2.58

licence

licensure

recognition of competence (2.25) to practice a given occupation or profession conveyed to a person or entity by a regulatory body

2.59

monitoring

supervision or oversight of an activity

Note 1 to entry: Monitoring is carried out to ensure continuing compliance with, or adherence to, specific requirements.

2.60

pass mark

cut score

passing score

specific score on an examination (2.39) where candidates (2.12) who obtain that specific score or a higher score pass the examination and candidates who obtain a lower score fail the examination

2.61

personnel

individuals, internal or external, of the certification body (2.17) carrying out activities for the certification body

Note 1 to entry: These include committee members and volunteers.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.12]

2.62

psychometrics

field of study dealing with the theory and technology of psychological measurement

2.63

qualification

demonstrated education, training (2.77) and work experience ここで, applicable

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.7]

2.64

recertification

renewal of certification (2.16) in defined intervals

2.65

register

list issued by a certification body (2.17) , an authority or another registration organization, for certificate holders (2.15) or persons meeting predetermined criteria

Note 1 to entry: A register can be publicly available or for in-house purposes.

2.66

registration

inclusion of a certificate holder (2.15) or an individual meeting predetermined criteria with personal data (e.g. name, address) in a register (2.65) by a certification body (2.17) , an authority or another registration organization

2.67

reliability

indicator of the extent to which examination (2.39) scores are consistent across different examination times and locations, different examination forms (2.43) and different examiners (2.46)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.18]

2.68

scheme owner

organization responsible for developing and maintaining a certification scheme (2.21)

Note 1 to entry: The organization can be a certification body (2.17) , a government authority, or other.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.4]

2.69

scope of certification

range and nature of specific tasks that a certified person (2.22) is expected to be able to perform competently, by virtue of holding a specific certification (2.16) that is within a certification scheme (2.21)

2.70

scope of certification scheme

extent and boundaries of a certification scheme (2.21)

2.71

score report

results report

document that provides information about the performance of a candidate (2.12) in an examination (2.39)

Note 1 to entry: See also diagnostic score report (2.33) .

2.72

self-declaration

statement by a candidate (2.12) that he/she fulfils specific requirements

2.73

self-evaluation

self-assessment

process by which an evaluation is self-administered by a candidate (2.12) for the purpose of providing feedback

2.74

skill

ability (2.1) to perform a task or activity with a specific intended outcome acquired through education, training (2.77) , experience or other means

2.75

surveillance

periodic monitoring (2.59) , during the periods of certification (2.16) , of a certified person's (2.22) performance to ensure continued compliance with the certification scheme (2.21)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.22]

2.76

suspension

temporary stop, delay, interruption or cessation of a person's certification (2.16) issued by the certification body (2.17)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17000:2004, 6.2, modified]

2.77

training

programme developed to provide persons with the necessary knowledge (2.56) and skills (2.74)

2.77.1

training certificate

document issued after a person completes a training (2.77) course, or a series of training courses, and passes an assessment (2.8) that measures the intended learning outcomes (2.57) of the specific course or courses

Note 1 to entry: These courses are sometimes referred to as certificate programmes.

2.78

validation

confirmation through the use of objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled

2.79

validity

evidence that the assessment (2.8) measures what it is intended to measure, as defined by the certification scheme (2.21)

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 17024:2012, 3.17, modified — Note to entry has been deleted.]

2.80

withdrawal

cancellation of a certification (2.16) , certificate (2.14) or credential (2.28)