ISO/IEC TS 8200:2024 情報技術 | ページ 6

3.1

ontology

conceptualisation of a domain

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 5392:2024, 3.9]

3.2

knowledge representation

process that designs and constructs symbolic systems (3.9) , rules, frameworks, or other methodologies used to express knowledge which machines can recognize and process

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 5392:2024, 3.18]

3.3

knowledge computing

process that obtains new knowledge based on existing knowledge and their relationships

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 5392:2024, 3.28]

3.4

knowledge fusion

process that merges, combines and integrates knowledge from different resources into a coherent form

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 5392:2024, 3.21]

3.5

control , verb

<controllability>in engineering, the monitoring of system output to compare with expected output and taking corrective action when the actual output does not match the expected output

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.846.1]

3.6

controller

authorized human or another external agent that performs a control

Note 1 to entry: A controller interacts with the control points of an AI system.

3.7

disengagement of control

control disengagement

process where a controller (3.6) releases a set of control points (3.16)

3.8

engagement of control

control engagement

process where a controller (3.6) takes over a set of control points (3.16)

Note 1 to entry: Besides taking over a set of control points, an engagement of control can also include a confirmation about the transfer of control to a controller.

3.9

system

arrangement of parts or elements that together exhibit a stated behaviour or meaning that the individual constituents do not

Note 1 to entry: A system is sometimes considered as a product or as the services it provides.

Note 2 to entry: In practice, the interpretation of its meaning is frequently clarified by the use of an associative noun (e.g. aircraft system). Alternatively, the word “system” is substituted simply by a context-dependent synonym (e.g. aircraft), though this potentially obscures a system's principles perspective.

Note 3 to entry: A complete system includes all of the associated equipment, facilities, material, computer programs, firmware, technical documentation, services, and personnel required for operations and support to the degree necessary for self-sufficient use in its intended environment.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2023, 3.47]

3.10

system state

state

one of several stages or phases of system operation

Note 1 to entry: A system state is represented by related internal parameters and observable characteristics.

[SOURCE:ISO 21717:2018, 3.3, modified states as state]

3.11

system state stability

stable system state

degree to which a system’s parameters and observable characteristics remain invariable during a specified period of time or another dimension such as space

Note 1 to entry: Invariableness can be defined by means of a variableness tolerance based on business requirements.

Note 2 to entry: When leaving a stable system state, the system’s parameters or observable characteristics change, regardless of whether the next stable state is safe or unsafe, when the system (3.9) enters an unstable system state.

Note 3 to entry: A system (3.9) can be described as stable, if the system is in a stable state.

3.12

safe state

state (3.10) that does not have or lead to unwanted consequences or loss of control

3.13

unsafe state

state (3.10) that is not a safe state (3.12)

Note 1 to entry: Uncertain states are a subset of unsafe states.

3.14

failure

loss of ability to perform as required

[SOURCE:IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-03-01, modified — notes to entry have been deleted.]

3.15

success

simultaneous achievement by all characteristics of required performance

[SOURCE:ISO 26871:2020, 3.1.62]

3.16

control point

part of the interface of a system (3.9) where controls can be applied

Note 1 to entry: A control point can be a function, physical facility (such as a switch) or a signal receiving subsystem.

3.17

span of control

subset of control points, upon which controls for a specific purpose can be applied

3.18

interface

means of interaction with a component or module

3.19

transfer of control

control transfer

process of the change of the controller (3.6) that performs a control over a system (3.9)

Note 1 to entry: Transfer of control does not entail application of a control, but it is a handover of control points of the system interface between agents.

Note 2 to entry: Engagement of control and disengagement of control are two fundamental complementary parts of control transfer.

3.20

finite state machine

FSM

computational model consisting of a finite number of states (3.10) and transitions between those states, possibly with accompanying actions

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.1604]

3.21

system state transition

transition

process in that a system (3.9) changes from one state (3.10) to another state or to the same state

Note 1 to entry: A transition takes place when a condition is satisfied, including an intervention from a controller.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 11411:1995, 2.2]

3.22

cost of control

resources spent and associated external effects by performing control over an AI system

Note 1 to entry: Resources include time, space, energy, material and any other consumable items.

Note 2 to entry: External effects include all possible effects and side effects of control, e.g. environment change.

3.23

test completion report

test summary report

report that provides a summary of the testing that was performed

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-1:2022, 3.87]

3.24

process

set of interrelated or interacting activities that transform inputs into outputs

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2023, 3.27]

3.25

function

defined objective or characteristic action of a system (3.9) or component

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.1677.1]

3.26

functionality

capabilities of the various computational, user interface, input, output, data management, and other features provided by a product

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.1716.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]

3.27

functional safety

part of the overall safety relating to the EUC (Equipment Under Control) and the EUC control system that depends on the correct functioning of the E/E/PE (Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic) safety-related systems (3.9) and other risk reduction measures

[SOURCE:IEC 61508-4:2010, 3.1.12]

3.28

system state observation

observation

act of measuring or otherwise determining the value of a property or system (3.9) state

3.29

transaction

set of related operations characterized by four properties: atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC TR 10032:2003, 2.65, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed.]

3.30

atomic operation

operation that is guaranteed to be either performed or not performed

3.31

out of control state

unsafe state (3.13) in which the system (3.9) cannot listen for or execute feasible control instructions

Note 1 to entry: The reasons for out of control state include but are not limited to communication interruption, system defection, resource limitation and security.