ISO/TR 24188:2022 大規模な屋外火災と構築環境—標準化へのさまざまなアプローチのグローバルな概要 | ページ 6

3.1.1

bushfire

unplanned fire in a vegetated area, as opposed to an urban area

Note 1 to entry: Used primarily, but not exclusively, in Australia, New Zealand, and Africa.

Note 2 to entry: It is likely that the term was first used in South Africa and is possibly derived from the Dutch word ‘bosch’ meaning uncultivated land. In Australia the term was first used in the first half of the 19^th century. The term passed into legislation in the first half of the 20^th century, first in the Australian Capital Territory (Bushfire Act, 1936), Western Australia (A Bush Fires Act, 1937) and New South Wales (Bush Fires Act, 1949).

Note 3 to entry: Definition adapted from Reference [42].

3.1.2

direct flame contact

flame impinging on building systems and materials

Note 1 to entry: Direct flame contact is one of the three structure ignition pathways, together with firebrands and radiant heat.

Note 2 to entry: The flames can come either from the main wildfire flames, from burning elements and ornamental vegetation surrounding structures, or from adjacent structures.

Note 3 to entry: Definition adapted from Reference [42].

3.1.3

evacuation

dispersal or removal of people from dangerous areas and their arrival at a place of relative safety

Note 1 to entry: Definition taken from Reference [42].

3.1.4

post-earthquake fire

fire which occurs after an earthquake

3.1.5

firebrand

airborne object capable of acting as an ignition source and carried for some distance in an airstream

Note 1 to entry: Firebrands are also sometimes referred to as flying brands or brands.

Note 2 to entry: Firebrands are similar to embers but with a slight distinction: ember refers to any small, hot, carbonaceous particle and when embers have the capability of setting additional fires, they become firebrands.

Note 3 to entry: The aerodynamic properties of firebrands is an important characteristic requiring consideration.

Note 4 to entry: Firebrands or embers can be burning, flaming or smouldering.

Note 5 to entry: Definition adapted from Reference [42].

3.1.7

informal settlement

unplanned settlement or area where housing is not in compliance with current planning and building regulations (unauthorized housing)

[SOURCE:Glossary of Environment Statistics, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 67, United Nations, New York, 1997]

3.1.8

large outdoor fire

urban fire, tsunami-generated fire, volcano-generated fire, WUI fire, wildland fire, or informal settlement fire ここで, the total burnout area is significant

3.1.9

spot fire

fire caused by flying firebrands at a distance from the original fire

3.1.10

tsunami-generated fire

fire caused by tsunami, typically by burning elements contained in the flood waters

3.1.11

urban fire

fire which occurs in an urbanized area

3.1.13

volcano-generated fire

fire caused by volcanic eruption

3.1.14

wildland

land that either has never suffered human intervention or has been allowed to return to its natural state, or that is managed for forestry or ecological purposes

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 19677:2019, 3.2]

3.1.15

wildland fire

fire occurring in peat, forests, scrublands, grasslands or rangelands, either of natural origin or caused by human intervention

Note 1 to entry: Used primarily, but not exclusively, in North America.

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 19677:2019, 3.3, modified — reference to"peat" added and Note 1 to entry added.]

3.1.16

wildland firefighting

suppressive action involving a fire in forests, scrublands, grasslands or rangelands

3.1.17

wildland-urban interface

WUI

area where structures and other human development adjoin or overlap with wildland

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 19677:2019, 3.4]

3.1.18

wildland-urban interface community

WUI community

community where humans and their development meet or intermix with wildland fuel

Note 1 to entry: Definition adapted from Reference [45].

3.1.19

wildland-urban interface fire

WUI fire

wildland fire that has spread into the wildland-urban interface (WUI)

Note 1 to entry: It is also possible for fires to start in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) and spread into the wildland.

3.1.20

wildland-urban interface firefighting

WUI firefighting

suppressive action involving a fire in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) where the action, tactics and equipment used can differ from urban firefighting