ISO/TS 21831:2020 中国のマテリアメディカ処理の情報モデル | ページ 6

3.1.1

コンセプト

何かの内的概念。何かについての一般的な概念またはアイデア

[出典:ISO/TS 18876-2:2003, 3.1.3]

3.1.2

実在物

興味のある具体的または抽象的なもの

3.1.3

関係

2 つ以上の エンティティ間の関連付け (3.1.2)、 関連付けの目的または種類を示す

注記 1:情報モデルがオブジェクト・クラスに基づいている場合は、関連付けとしても知られます。

3.1.4

情報モデル

エンティティ (3.1.2) とそれらの間の 関係 (3.1.3) のグラフィックおよびテキスト表現

注記 1:データ・モデル、概念データ・モデル、論理データ・モデル、エンティティー関係モデル、オブジェクト・クラス図、またはデータベース定義とも呼ばれます。

[出典:ISO/IEC 19763-12:2015, 4.2.24]

3.2.1

traditional Chinese medicine

TCM

traditional medicine that originated in China, and is characterized by holism and treatment based on pattern identification/syndrome differentiation

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 17948:2014, 2.2]

3.2.2

Chinese materia medica

CMM

medicinal parts of medicinal plants, animals, and minerals after preliminary processing (3.2.4) , which are used as raw materials in Chinese medicines

Note 1 to entry: This refers to the raw materials used to make decoction pieces.

[SOURCE:ISO 18668-1:2016, 3.2]

Note 2 to entry: Preliminary processing can include washing and drying. Large and bulking items can also be cut into smaller pieces or shorter lengths.

3.2.3

decoction piece

prescription medicine processed from Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) under the direction of traditional Chinese medicine (3.2.1) and processing (3.2.4) methods for Chinese medicines, which can be directly used in clinical practice or the production of prepared medicines

3.2.4

processing

physical or chemical technique of converting Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) into decoction pieces (3.2.3) based on the theory of pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine (3.2.1) , the nature of Chinese materia medica (3.2.30) , the need for dispensing, preparation (3.2.19) and clinical application

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.5

toxicity

ability of a substance to produce an adverse effect upon a living organism

[SOURCE:ISO 472:2013, 2.767]

3.2.6

effectiveness

accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 20282-2:2013, 4.7]

3.2.7

adjuvant material

substance added during processing (3.2.4) in order to enhance the therapeutic usefulness of pharmaceutical herbal medicament treatment

Note 1 to entry: Adjuvant material is different from excipient material. The latter is usually used to produce pills or tablets, inseparable from tablets, etc. But the solid adjuvant material is discarded after processing.

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 18062:2016, 3.4, modified — Note to entry has been modified.]

3.2.8

channel tropism

meridian tropism

orientation of the medicinal action according to the meridian/channel on which the therapeutic action is manifested

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [20].

3.2.9

moisture content

amount of water contained in decoction pieces (3.2.3) after processing (3.2.4)

Note 1 to entry: General moisture content of CMM and decoction shall be controlled between 7 % and 13 %.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [22].

3.2.10

ash content

basic purity (3.2.12) indicator for the quality control of decoction pieces (3.2.3)

Note 1 to entry: Ash is present in the residue weight of decoction pieces left after incineration at high temperature (500℃ to 600℃).

Note 2 to entry: Ash content including physiological ash and acid incompatibility ash.

Note 3 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [22].

3.2.11

texture

shape, size, colour, quality of the herb and decoction pieces (3.2.3)

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [23].

3.2.12

purity

quota of the impurities or non-medicinal parts in processed Chinese materia medica (3.2.2)

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [22].

3.2.13

pressure

exertion of force upon a surface

3.2.14

decoction ingredient

chemical components including bioactive or therapeutic agents, and other invalid chemical constituents in decoction pieces (3.2.3) which stem from botanical medicine (3.2.16) , mineral medicine (3.2.17) and animal medicine (3.2.15)

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [25].

3.2.15

animal medicine

Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) derived from animals

Note 1 to entry: Terrestrial animals, insects, marine creatures, organs, tissue, secretion, discharge, glue, solid particles formed in the organs, shell can also be used as CMM.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [18].

3.2.16

botanical medicine

Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) derived from plants

Note 1 to entry: Whole plant, plant part, tissue, resin or gum can be used as CMM.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [18].

3.2.17

mineral medicine

Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) derived from a solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance

Note 1 to entry: These medicines can be original or created after simple processing of the mineral product.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [18].

3.2.18

seeds medicine

Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) derived from mature seeds

Note 1 to entry: Seeds medicine is a subcategory of botanical medicine.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.19

preparation

action or process of preparing or being prepared for use or consideration

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.20

stir-frying

procedure where cleaned and cut decoction pieces (3.2.3) , are put into a pre-heated container and heated continuously while stirring or rotating it

Note 1 to entry: This is a procedure used for processing decoction pieces which have been cut and cleaned.

Note 2 to entry: This process can be with or without adjuvants.

Note 3 to entry: This process is classified into plain-frying or frying with solid adjuvants.

Note 4 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.21

cutting

operating procedure of softening Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) after cleaning, and then slice them up into different shapes of pieces, shreds, cubes, segments

Note 1 to entry: Unripe bitter orange (AURANTII FRUCTUS IMMATURUS, Zhishi) can be cut into slices and dried to serve as medicine.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.22

steaming

exposure of cleaned decoction pieces (3.2.3) to vapour into which water is converted when heated, forming a white mist of minute water droplets in the air to decoction pieces in a containerized environment

Note 1 to entry: This process may be with or without adjuvants.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.23

boiling

placing decoction pieces (3.2.3) into a container of liquid which has reached the temperature at which it bubbles and turns to vapour

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.24

blanching

boiling (3.2.21) and item for a short period of time so that only its exterior is heated

Note 1 to entry: This process is used to separate the skin or peel from items.

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.25

parameter

numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of a processing (3.2.4) method

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.26

calcining

cleaning of Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) by heating in containers

Note 1 to entry: Calcining can be performed directly in a smokeless fire or in an appropriate refractory vessel.

Note 2 to entry: There are two types of calcining: open calcining and sealed calcining.

Note 3 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.27

quenching

dipping mineral medicine (3.2.17) into cold liquid adjuvants after calcination at a temperature sufficient to change their colour to red and ensure aerobic conditions

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [24].

3.2.28

leaching rate

amount of active ingredients released from crude drug into the contacting liquid over unit time

3.2.29

decocting rate

solubility rate

amount of active ingredients dissolved in the decocting liquid over unit formula by heating with a temperature >90 °C

3.2.30

nature of Chinese materia medica

basic properties of Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) that can be used to treat disease

Note 1 to entry: The nature of Chinese materia medica includes the four properties (3.2.31) and the five flavours (3.2.32) .

Note 2 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [22].

3.2.31

four properties

Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) properties: cold, hot, warm, and cool nature

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [20].

3.2.32

five flavours

five tastes of medicinals, pungency, sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness, representing the basic actions of the medicinals

Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from Reference [20].

3.2.33

purifying

method of obtaining relatively pure Chinese materia medica (3.2.2) by using physical or chemical methods to remove the non-medicinal parts and other impurities from the raw materials