ISO 14090:2019 気候変動への適応 — 原則、要件、ガイドライン | ページ 6

3.1

adaptation to climate change

climate change adaptation

process of adjustment to actual or expected climate (3.4) and its effects

Note 1 to entry: In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.

Note 2 to entry: In some natural systems, human intervention can facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects.

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]

3.2

adaptive capacity

ability of systems, institutions, humans, and other organisms to adjust to potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]

3.3

adaptive management

process of iteratively planning, implementing and modifying strategies for managing resources in the face of uncertainty and change

Note 1 to entry: Adaptive management involves adjusting approaches in response to observations of their effects and changes in the system brought on by resulting feedback effects and other variables.

[SOURCE: IPCC, 2014]

3.4

climate

statistical description of weather in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years

Note 1 to entry: The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization.

Note 2 to entry: The relevant quantities are most often near-surface variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind.

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]

3.5

climate change

change in climate (3.4) that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer

Note 1 to entry: Climate change can be identified by such means as statistical tests (e.g. on changes in the mean, variability).

Note 2 to entry: Climate change might be due to natural processes, internal to the climate system, or external forcings such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]

3.6

exposure

presence of people, livelihoods, species or ecosystems, environmental functions, services, resources, infrastructure, or economic, social or cultural assets in places and settings that could be affected

Note 1 to entry: Exposure can change over time, for example as a result of land use change.

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]

3.7

hazard

potential source of harm

Note 1 to entry: The potential for harm can be in terms of loss of life, injury or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems and environmental resources.

Note 2 to entry: In this document, the term usually refers to climate-related physical events or trends or their physical impacts.

Note 3 to entry: Hazard comprises slow-onset developments (e.g. rising temperatures over the long term) as well as rapidly developing climatic extremes (e.g. a heatwave or a landslide) or increased variability.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.2, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added to reflect the definition of"hazard" in IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary. Note 3 to entry has been added.]

3.8

impact

effect on natural and human systems

Note 1 to entry: In the context of climate change (3.5) , the term"impact" is used primarily to refer to the effects on natural and human systems of extreme weather and climate events and of climate change. Impacts generally refer to effects on lives, livelihoods, health, ecosystems, economies, societies, cultures, services and infrastructure due to the interaction of climate change or hazardous climate events occurring within a specific time period and the vulnerability (3.15) of an exposed society or system. Impacts are also referred to as consequences and outcomes. The impacts of climate change on geophysical systems, including floods, droughts and sea level rise, are a subset of impacts called"physical impacts".

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]

3.9

indicator

quantitative, qualitative or binary variable that can be measured or described, in response to a defined criterion

[SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, 3.27]

3.10

interested party

person or organization (3.11) that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity

Note 1 to entry: To “perceive itself to be affected” means the perception has been made known to the organization.

[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.1.6, modified —"academia" has been added to the example.]

3.11

organization

person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives

Note 1 to entry: The concept of organization includes, but is not limited to sole-trader, company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority, partnership, charity or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private.

[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.1.4]

3.12

risk

effect of uncertainty

Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected. It can be positive, negative or both. An effect can arise as a result of a response, or failure to respond, to an opportunity or to a threat related to objectives.

Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood.

[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.10, modified — Note 1 to entry has been modified. Notes 3 and 4 to entry have been deleted.]

3.13

sustainability

state of the global system, including environmental, social and economic aspects, in which the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Note 1 to entry: The environmental, social and economic aspects interact, are interdependent and are often referred to as the three dimensions of sustainability.

Note 2 to entry: Sustainability is the goal of sustainable development.

[SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2014, 3.1]

3.14

transformation

change in the fundamental attributes of natural and human systems

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]

3.15

vulnerability

propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected

Note 1 to entry: Vulnerability encompasses a variety of concepts and elements including sensitivity or susceptibility to harm and lack of capacity to cope and adapt.

[SOURCE: Adapted from IPCC, 2014]