ISO 15156-2:2020 石油および天然ガス産業—石油およびガス生産におけるH2S含有環境で使用するための材料—パート2：耐亀裂性炭素鋼および低合金鋼、および鋳鉄の使用 | ページ 6

3.1

Brinell hardness

HBW

hardness value of a material measured normally using a 10 mm diameter tungsten carbide ball indenter with a force of 29,42 kN

Note 1 to entry: The measurement shall be in accordance with the ISO 6506 series. Here, ASTM E10 is equivalent to ISO 6506-1.

3.2

bubble-point pressure

p_B

pressure under which gas bubbles form in a liquid at a particular operating temperature

Note 1 to entry: See C.2.

3.3

burnishing

process of smoothing surfaces using frictional contact between the material and some other hard pieces of material, such as hardened steel balls

3.4

casting

metal that is obtained at or near its finished shape by the solidification of molten metal in a mould

3.5

cast iron

iron-carbon alloy containing approximately 2 % to 4 % mass fraction carbon

3.5.1

grey cast iron

cast iron that displays a grey fracture surface due to the presence of flake graphite

3.5.2

white cast iron

cast iron that displays a white fracture surface due to the presence of cementite

3.5.3

malleable iron

white cast iron that is thermally treated to convert most or all of the cementite to graphite (temper carbon)

3.5.4

ductile iron

nodular cast iron

cast iron that has been treated while molten with an element (usually magnesium or cerium) that spheroidizes the graphite

3.6

cementite

microstructural constituent of steels composed principally of iron carbide (Fe₃C)

3.7

cold deforming

cold forging

cold forming

cold working

deforming metal plastically under conditions of temperature and strain rate that induce strain-hardening, usually, but not necessarily, conducted at room temperature

3.8

fitness-for-purpose

suitability for use under the expected service conditions

3.9

free-machining steel

steel to which elements such as sulfur, selenium and lead have been added intentionally to improve machineability

3.10

lower critical temperature

temperature of a ferrous metal at which austenite begins to form during heating or at which the transformation of austenite is completed during cooling

3.11

nitriding

case-hardening process in which nitrogen is introduced into the surface of metallic materials (most commonly ferrous alloys)

3.12

normalize

heating a ferrous metal to a suitable temperature above the transformation range (austenitizing), holding at temperature for a suitable time and then cooling in still air (or protective atmosphere) to a temperature substantially below the transformation range

3.13

plastically deformed

permanently deformed by stressing beyond the limit of elasticity, i.e. the limit of proportionality of stress to strain

3.14

pressure-containing part

part whose failure to function as intended results in a release of retained fluid to the atmosphere

3.15

quenched and tempered

quench hardened and then tempered

3.16

Rockwell C hardness

HRC

hardness value of a material measured using a Rockwell C diamond cone indenter with a force of 1 471 N

Note 1 to entry: The measurement shall be in accordance with the ISO 6508 series. Here, ASTM E18 is equivalent to ISO 6508-1.

3.17

shot-peening

inducing compressive stresses in the surface layer of a material by bombarding it with a selected medium (usually round steel shot) under controlled conditions

3.18

stress relief

heating a metal to a suitable temperature, holding at that temperature long enough to reduce residual stresses, and then cooling slowly enough to minimize the development of new residual stresses

3.19

tempering

heat treatment by heating to a temperature below the lower critical temperature, for the purpose of decreasing the hardness and increasing the toughness of hardened steel, hardened cast iron and, sometimes, normalized steel

3.20

tensile strength

ultimate strength

ratio of maximum load to original cross-sectional area

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 6892-1.

3.21

test batch

group of items representing a production batch whose conformity with a specified requirement can be determined by testing representative samples in accordance with a defined procedure

3.22

tubular component

cylindrical component (pipe) having a longitudinal hole, used in drilling/production operations for conveying fluids

3.23

Vickers hardness

HV

hardness value of a material using a diamond pyramid indenter and one of a variety of possible applied loads

Note 1 to entry: The measurement shall be in accordance with the ISO 6507 series. Here, ASTM E384 is equivalent to ISO 6507-1.

3.24

weldment

portion of a component on which welding has been performed, including the weld metal, the heat-affected zone, and the adjacent parent metal

3.25

weld metal

portion of a weldment that has been molten during welding

3.26

wrought

formed to a desired shape by working (rolling, extruding, forging, etc.), usually at an elevated temperature