ISO 18947-2:2021 イメージング材料とプリント—耐摩耗性—パート2：写真プリントの摩擦試験 | ページ 6

3.1

abrasion

loss of material from a surface or deformation of a surface, with changes in gloss, colour, or density, due to frictional forces as a result of rubbing

Note 1 to entry: Surface deformations can result in changes in gloss and colour.

3.2

interval scale

<psychophysical> scale established by a psychophysical method, which, in addition to possessing the attributes of rank order (3.5) , is distinguished by the fact that equal differences between numerical values correspond to equal differences between properties measured (in sensory analysis, perceived intensities)

Note 1 to entry: Larger values correspond to larger perceived intensities and the size of the difference between two values reflects the size of the difference in perceived intensity of the property being measured. However, a numerical value of zero may not indicate a total absence of the property and the ratio of two values cannot be assumed to reflect the ratio of the perceived intensities.

3.3

minimum density

D_min

optical density corresponding to the maximum transmittance (film) or reflectance (paper) that a photographic product can achieve

Note 1 to entry: The representation of the minimum density level of a photographic print depends on the printing technology and includes (a) non-printed area of the print material, i.e. a substrate with or without a specific image receiving or image forming layer, (b) coated or printed pre-white area (wherein a white layer is applied before the image is printed such that a coloured or transparent substrate is covered) or (c) a printed area of the material, where a transparent and/or white process colour (e.g. ink or toner) is printed image-wise.

Note 2 to entry: In this document, transparent substrates are evaluated in reflection mode by use of a white or black backing, as suitable.

[SOURCE:ISO 12641-2:2019, 3.6]

3.4

quasi-linear

<materials testing> curvilinear motion with a small component of total displacement orthogonal to its main direction of movement

Note 1 to entry: The Sutherland type abrasion tester provides an arc motion, where the length of the arc is much shorter than the radius of the circle, resulting in a mainly linear motion with a small orthogonal component.

3.5

rank order

<psychophysical> result of a method involving the arrangement by an observer of a series of stimuli in order of increasing or decreasing image quality or an attribute thereof, in accordance with the set of instructions provided

3.6

ratio scale

<psychophysical> scale established by a psychophysical method, which has the properties of an interval scale (3.2) but for which, in addition, the ratio between the values allocated to the two stimuli is equal to the ratio between the perceived intensities of these stimuli

Note 1 to entry: With this scale, a numerical value of zero designates total absence of the property.

Note 2 to entry: The ratio scale is the only case for which it is meaningful to say that one result is, for instance, ten times as great as another.

3.7

receptor

<materials testing> substrate used to rub the test specimen and onto which ink or other material that is removed from the specimen is transferred

Note 1 to entry: An example of a receptor is the back side of the printed media (printed or D_min area) being evaluated or a standard reference paper.

3.8

scuff

form of abrasion, leading to a change in gloss

3.9

smudge

result of rubbing leading to the displacement and re-deposition of materials into adjacent areas

Note 1 to entry: see abrasion (3.1) .