ISO 19345-1:2019 石油および天然ガス産業—パイプライン輸送システム—パイプライン完全性管理仕様—パート1：陸上パイプラインのフルライフサイクル完全性管理 | ページ 6

3.1.1

abandonment

activities associated with taking a pipeline permanently out of operation

Note 1 to entry: An abandoned pipeline cannot be returned to operation.

Note 2 to entry: Depending on the legislation abandonment can require cover or removal.

3.1.2

anomaly

possible deviation from pipe material or weld soundness

Note 1 to entry: The identification of an indication of an anomaly can be generated by non-destructive inspection, such as in-line inspection.

3.1.3

baseline assessment

first integrity assessment prior to or after commission

3.1.4

cathodic protection

corrosion control technique to prevent or reduce the external corrosion of metal pipelines by transferring an electrical current onto the pipe to achieve increased negative electrical potentials

3.1.5

corrosion

deterioration of a material, usually a metal that results from an electrochemical reaction with its environment

3.1.6

crack

planar flaw, or linear discontinuity, with a sharp tip radius

3.1.7

critical consequence area

location where a pipeline release might have a significant adverse effect on public safety, property and the environment

Note 1 to entry: The location and scope of critical consequence areas will change over time as new population and environmental resource data becomes available. The pipeline segments in CCAs are of particular interest in risk assessment and integrity assessment evaluations and prioritizations.

3.1.8

deactivation

removal of a pipeline from service though the pipeline might be returned to service after a proper assessment

Note 1 to entry: Also defined as decommissioning or suspension.

3.1.9

deformation

change in shape of the pipe or component, such as a bend, buckle, dent (3.1.11) , ovality, ripple, wrinkle, or any other change that affects the roundness of the pipe or original cross-section or straightness of the pipe or component

3.1.10

defect

imperfection of a type or magnitude exceeding acceptable criteria

3.1.11

dent

depression which produces a disturbance in the curvature of the pipe wall, caused by contact with a foreign body resulting in plastic deformation of the pipe wall

3.1.12

design life

period for which the design basis is planned to remain valid

[SOURCE:ISO 13623:2017, 3.1.2]

3.1.13

external corrosion direct assessment

integrity assessment process used for locating possible external corrosion, damaged coating, or deficiencies in cathodic protection (3.1.4) on a pipeline by making aboveground measurements and validating with excavations to examine the pipe where appropriate

3.1.14

failure

event in which a component or system does not perform according to its operational requirements

3.1.15

fitness for purpose

quantitative engineering evaluation that is performed to demonstrate the structural integrity of an in-service component that can contain an imperfection, defect (3.1.10) or damage

3.1.16

gouge

surface damage to a pipeline caused by contact with a foreign object that has scraped (gouged) material out of the pipe, resulting in a metal loss defect or imperfection

3.1.17

hard spot

localized increase in hardness through the thickness of a pipe, produced during hot rolling or welding

3.1.18

incident

unintentional release of gas or liquid due to the failure (3.1.14) of a pipeline

Note 1 to entry: Some regulatory authorities define “incident” as an event occurring on a pipeline for which the operator is required to make a report to the concerned regulatory authority.

3.1.19

in-line inspection

inspection of a pipe wall from the interior of the pipe using specialized tools

3.1.20

integrity assessment

process that includes the inspection and testing of a pipeline in order to determine physical characteristics and assess its integrity condition by combination of an analysis of data, use of reliability assessment methodologies of the structure and an evaluation of the safety state of the pipeline

3.1.21

integrity management program

documented program that specifies the practices used by the operating company to proactively manage the safe, environmentally responsible and reliable service of a pipeline system throughout its lifecycle and which incorporates a continuous improvement process

3.1.22

life extension

additional period of time beyond the original design or service life (3.1.39) (but within the assessed remnant life) for which permission to continue operating a pipeline system is granted by the regulatory bodies

Note 1 to entry: Life extension is considered as a modification to the design basis.

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 12747:2011, 3.7]

3.1.23

location class

geographic area classified according to criteria based on population density and human activity

[SOURCE:ISO 13623:2017, 3.1.10]

3.1.24

magnetic flux leakage

type of in-line inspection technology in which a magnetic field is induced in the pipe wall between two poles of a magnet

Note 1 to entry: Anomalies affect the distribution of the magnetic flux in the wall. The magnetic flux leakage pattern is used to detect and characterize anomalies.

3.1.25

management of change

process that systematically recognizes and communicates to the necessary parties changes of a technical, physical, procedural, or organizational nature that can impact system integrity

3.1.26

manufacturing defect

defect (3.1.10) in the pipe body or coating created during the pipe or component manufacturing or coating processes

3.1.27

maximum allowable operating pressure

maximum internal pressure at which a pipeline system, or parts thereof, is allowed to be operated

Note 1 to entry: The MAOP is established by the maximum pressure achieved during testing (see ISO 13623).

3.1.28

metal loss

pipe anomaly in which metal has been removed

Note 1 to entry: Metal loss is usually the result of corrosion, but gouging, manufacturing defects, erosion, or mechanical damage can also result in metal loss.

3.1.29

non-destructive testing

analysis techniques used to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage

Note 1 to entry: “Non-destructive inspection” (NDI) and “non-destructive evaluation” (NDE) are also commonly used to describe this technology.

3.1.30

operator

person or organization who owns or operates a pipeline system or facilities and is ultimately responsible for the operation and integrity of the pipeline system

3.1.31

pipeline

components of a pipeline system connected together to convey fluids between stations and/or plants, including pipe, launchers and receivers, components, appurtenances, isolating valves, and sectionalising valves

3.1.32

pipeline integrity management

set of processes and procedures that proactively assures incident-free safe and environmentally responsible transportation of fluids through a pipeline system

3.1.33

pipeline integrity management program

continuous improvement closed-loop system using information technology to realize functions such as data acquisition and integration, integrity and risk assessment (3.1.36) , mitigation and repair activity and maintenance decisions, with comprehensive management of change and continual review and improvement processes

3.1.34

pressure test

means of assessing the integrity of a new or existing pipeline that involves filling the pipeline with water and pressurizing to a level in excess of the MAOP of the pipeline to demonstrate that the pipeline is fit for service at the MAOP for a given time frame dependent on the identified integrity hazards

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 13623:2017, 6.7.

3.1.35

risk

measure of loss, either qualitative or quantifiable, in terms of both the likelihood of incident occurrence and the magnitude of the consequences of the incident occurrence

3.1.36

risk assessment

systematic, analytical process in which potential hazards from pipeline system are proactively identified, and the likelihood and consequences of potential adverse events are determined

3.1.37

risk management

coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk (3.1.35)

[SOURCE:ISO Guide 73:2009, 2.1]

3.1.38

safe operating pressure

pressure, calculated using the appropriate analysis and mathematical formulas for the specific type of defect identified

3.1.39

service life

length of time over which the pipeline system is intended to operate

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 12747:2011, 3.21]

Note 1 to entry: Service life is considered the actual operational life to date, but can include any planned future use of the line. Service life can be less or longer than design life.

3.1.40

sizing accuracy

accuracy with which an anomaly dimension or characteristic is reported

Note 1 to entry: Typically, accuracy is expressed by tolerance and certainty.

3.1.41

third party damage

damage done to the pipeline as a result of activities by personnel not associated with the pipeline

3.1.42

threat

activity or condition than can adversely affect the pipeline system if not adequately controlled

[SOURCE:ISO/TS 12747:2011, 3.23]