ISO 21243:2022 放射線防護 — 放射線または核の緊急事態における大量死傷者の初期細胞遺伝学的線量評価を実施する検査室の性能基準 — 二動原体アッセイへの一般原則および適用 | ページ 6

3.1

absorbed dose

D

Note 1 to entry: The gray is a special name for joule per kilogram and is to be used as the coherent SI unit for absorbed dose.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC 80000-10, 10.81.1]

3.2

associate laboratory

laboratory that has previously been validated through proficiency testing (3.13) and is prepared to be contacted for assistance when the capacity of the lead laboratory is exceeded

3.3

biological dosimetry

assessment of the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation using indicators found in biological material, particularly peripheral blood

3.4

calibration curve

graphical or mathematical description of the dose-effect relationship derived by the in vitro (3.10) irradiation of blood samples to known physically delivered doses, and the uncertainties associated with these

Note 1 to entry: The curve is used to determine, by interpolation, the absorbed dose to a potentially exposed individual.

3.5

chromosome aberration

change in the normal structure of a chromosome involving both chromatids of a single chromosome at the same locus as observed in metaphase

3.6

cytogenetics

study of the structure of chromosomes

3.7

deterministic effect

biological (health) effect of radiation for which a threshold level of dose exists above which the severity of the effect is greater for a higher dose

[SOURCE:IAEA. IAEA Safety Glossary: 2018 edition. Vienna: IAEA, 2019]

3.8

fractionated exposure

exposure to ionizing radiation that has been divided into smaller exposures separated in time

3.9

inhomogeneous exposure

exposure that is not received uniformly over the whole body or is received only by part of the body

3.10

in vitro

technique performed in a controlled environment outside of a living organism

3.11

lead laboratory

designated laboratory primarily responsible to lead the coordination of the biodosimetric response in an emergency

Note 1 to entry: Previously referred to as a reference laboratory.

3.12

network

group of lead and associate cytogenetic laboratories trained and prepared to jointly respond to a large‑scale radiological or nuclear emergency requiring biological dosimetry (3.3)

3.13

proficiency test

evaluation of participant performance against pre-established criteria by means of inter-laboratory comparisons

3.14

prodromal

early signs and symptoms indicative of the imminent development of the full manifestation of a disease or illness, in this case related to radiation exposure

3.15

protracted

dose received over a long period of time

3.16

ring

aberrant circular chromosome resulting from the joining of two breaks within one chromosome

Note 1 to entry: Rings can be centric or acentric.

3.17

stochastic effect

radiation induced health effect, the probability of occurrence of which is greater for a higher radiation dose and which severity, if it occurs, is independent of dose

Note 1 to entry: Stochastic effects may be somatic effects or hereditary effects, and generally occur without a threshold level of dose. Examples include solid cancers and haematologic cancers (leukaemia and lymphoma).

[SOURCE:IAEA. IAEA Safety Glossary: 2018 edition. Vienna: IAEA, 2019. 278]