ISO 21645:2021 固体回収燃料—サンプリング方法 | ページ 6

3.1

coefficient of variation

estimate of the standard deviation of a population from a sample (3.28) of n results divided by the mean of that sample

Note 1 to entry: The coefficient of variation is frequently stated as a percentage.

Note 2 to entry: Adapted from Eurachem/Citac Guide CG 4^[4].

3.2

composite sample mass

amount of sample (3.28) taken from a lot (3.11) or a sub-lot (3.40) consisting of all the increments (3.9)

3.3

distribution factor

correction factor for the particle size distribution (3.20) of the material to be sampled

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.17]

3.4

drop flow

material flow falling over an overflow point or a drop point in a transport system

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.18]

3.5

duplicate sample

two samples (3.28) taken under comparable conditions

Note 1 to entry: This selection may be accomplished by taking units adjacent in time or space.

Note 2 to entry: The replicate sample is usually used to estimate sample variability.

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.23, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added.]

3.6

general analysis sample

sub-sample (3.41) of a laboratory sample (3.10) having a nominal top size of 1 mm or less and used for a number of chemical and physical analyses

3.7

heterogeneity

degree to which a property or type of particle of a solid recovered fuel (3.34) is not uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of material

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.36]

3.8

homogeneity

degree to which a property or type of particle of a solid recovered fuel (3.34) is uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of material

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.37]

3.9

increment

portion of solid recovered fuel (3.34) extracted from a lot (3.11) or sub-lot (3.40) in a single operation of the sampling (3.30) device

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.39]

3.10

laboratory sample

composite sample (3.28) received by the laboratory on which sample preparation (3.29) procedures for analysis are undertaken

Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared by mixing, subdividing, particle size reduction or by combinations of these operations, the result is the general analysis sample. A test portion is removed from the general analysis sample for the performance of the test or for analysis. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the test portion may be taken directly from the laboratory sample.

3.11

lot

defined quantity of fuel for which the quality is to be determined

Note 1 to entry: A lot may be divided into sub-lots.

[SOURCE:ISO 13909-1:2016, 3.16^[5]]

3.12

mechanical durability

ability of densified fuels to remain intact during handling and transportation

Note 1 to entry: Typical measures of resistance are shock and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation processes, characterized by disintegration and fines formulation.

Note 2 to entry: Examples are briquettes and pellets.

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.41]

3.13

minimum increment mass

minimum dimension or mass of the increment that is taken from a lot (3.11) in a single operation of the sampling (3.29) device from the point of view of preserving its representativeness

3.14

minimum sample mass

minimum amount or dimension of the sample required during sampling (3.30) and sample preparation (3.29) from the point of view of preserving its representativeness

Note 1 to entry: The minimum sample mass is at least equal to the increment mass multiplied by the number of increments, and is linked directly to the nominal top size.

3.15

moisture

water removable under specific conditions

Note 1 to entry: See also total moisture (3.43) .

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.46, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]

3.16

nominal minimum size

d₀₅

smallest aperture size of the sieve used for determining the particle size distribution (3.20) of solid fuels through which at least 5 % by mass of the material passes

3.17

nominal top size

d₉₅

smallest aperture size of the sieve used for determining the particle size distribution (3.20) of solid recovered fuels (3.34) through which at least 95 % by mass of the total material passes through the sieve

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.48]

3.18

particle density

density of a single particle

Note 1 to entry: Pores within the particle are included.

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.52]

3.19

particle size

size of the fuel particles as determined in a solid fuel

Note 1 to entry: Different methods of determination can give different results.

Note 2 to entry: See also particle size distribution (3.20) .

3.20

particle size distribution

proportions of various particle sizes (3.19) in a solid fuel

3.21

particle size reduction

reduction of the nominal top size (3.17) of a sample (3.28) or sub-sample (3.41)

3.22

planned increment mass

planned dimension or mass of the increment (3.9) that is taken from a lot (3.11) in a single operation of the sampling (3.30) device

3.23

planned sample mass

sample (3.28) amount or dimension that is planned to be taken during sampling (3.29)

Note 1 to entry: The planned sample mass is derived from the minimum sample mass and includes additional considerations regarding the sampling procedure, practical handling and storage and the required sample amounts for analysis.

Note 2 to entry: The planned sample mass can be equal to the minimum sample mass.

3.24

precision

closeness of agreement between independent test/measurement results obtained under stipulated conditions

Note 1 to entry: Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value or the specified value.

Note 2 to entry: The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard deviation of the test results or measurement results. Less precision is reflected by a larger standard deviation.

Note 3 to entry: Quantitative measures of precision depend critically on the stipulated conditions.

[SOURCE:ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.4^[6], modified – Second sentence of Note 3 to entry has been removed.]

3.25

producer

organization or unit responsible for the production of solid recovered fuel (3.34)

Note 1 to entry: The producer can also be the supplier of the fuel.

Note 2 to entry: The producer may not directly produce or process non-hazardous waste into solid recovered fuel but may receive material appropriate to its requirements and already meeting the minimum criteria of ISO 21640:—.

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.60]

3.26

random sampling

taking a sample (3.28) at a random location within a specified range or from a specified lot (3.11) such that every portion of the solid recovered fuel (3.34) would have the same chance of being part of the sample

Note 1 to entry: A random location is determined by lot.

3.27

replicate sampling

taking of increments (3.9) at intervals, which are combined in rotation into different containers to give two or more samples (3.28) of approximately equal mass

Note 1 to entry: The replicate sampling is usually used to estimate sample variability.

3.28

sample

quantity of material, from a larger amount for which the quality is to be determined

Note 1 to entry: See also increment (3.9) .

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.63, modified – Note 2 and 3 to entry have been removed.]

3.29

sample preparation

actions taken to obtain representative laboratory sample (3.10) or test portions (3.42) from the original sampleas received

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.66]

3.30

sampling

process of drawing or constituting a sample (3.28)

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.68]

3.31

sampling plan

predetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, preservation, transportation and preparation of the portions to be removed from a population as a sample (3.28)

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.70]

3.32

sampling record

report which serves as a check list and provides the investigator with all necessary information about the sampling (3.30) techniques applied at the site and any additional important information

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 4.4.26^[7], modified – Part of definition has been removed as irrelevant to the context of this document.]

3.33

shape factor

factor that corrects the minimum sample mass (3.14) if the particles in a lot have not a regular shape (e.g. spherical or cubic)

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.72]

3.34

solid recovered fuel

solid fuel for energy purposes according to ISO 21640:— derived from non-hazardous waste

Note 1 to entry: A number of terms can be used to describe fuels from waste that might (but not always) qualify as solid recovered fuels. For example, refuse derived fuel, refuse derived paper and plastics densified fuel, waste derived fuel, shredded light fraction, sewage sludge, end of life wood, fuel composed of either municipal solid waste, industrial waste, commercial waste, construction and demolition waste, animal waste (e.g. meat and bone meal).

Note 2 to entry: This definition does not consider the value of the waste.

Note 3 to entry: Whether the input material is hazardous or non-hazardous is determined through national laws and directives or by categorization of the fuel through the annexes in the Basel Convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal.

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.75]

3.35

specification

document stating requirements

Note 1 to entry: See also specification of solid recovered fuels (3.36) .

[SOURCE:ISO 9000:2015, 3.8.7^[8], modified - Example and notes to entry have been removed/replaced.]

3.36

specification of solid recovered fuels

list of properties that characterize solid recovered fuel (3.34)

Note 1 to entry: A template for such specification is given in ISO 21640:—.

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.76, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]

3.37

static lot

lot (3.11) that is not in motion during the sampling (3.30) , or transported by a conveyor or alternative transport system

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.77]

3.38

stratified random sampling

stratified sample (3.28) constituting by increments which are taken randomly within each stratum

3.39

stratified sampling

sampling (3.30) constituting by increments taken from identified subparts (strata) of the parent population

Note 1 to entry: Definition derived from ‘stratified sample’ as defined in ISO 21637:2020, 3.78.

3.40

sub-lot

part of a lot (3.11) for which a test result is required

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.81]

3.41

sub-sample

portion of a sample (3.28)

Note 1 to entry: A sub-sample is obtained by procedures in which the items of interest are randomly distributed in part of equal or unequal size.

Note 2 to entry: A sub-sample may be either a portion of the sample obtained by selection or division of the sample itself, or the final sample of a multistage sample preparation.

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.82]

3.42

test portion

sub-sample (3.41) either of a laboratory sample (3.10) or a test sample required for the specific measurement

Note 1 to entry: The test portion can be taken from the laboratory sample directly if no preparation of sample is required (e.g. for bulk density determination or particle size distribution).

[SOURCE:ISO 21637:2020, 3.83, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]

3.43

total moisture

moisture content

moisture in a fuel measured under specific conditions on as received basis

3.44

trueness

closeness of agreement between the expectation of a test result or a measurement result and a true value

Note 1 to entry: The measure of trueness is usually expressed in terms of bias.

Note 2 to entry: Trueness is sometimes referred to as “accuracy of the mean”. This usage is not recommended.

Note 3 to entry: In practice, the accepted reference value is substituted for the true value.

Note 4 to entry: The determination of the exact trueness for waste and from waste derived materials such as solid recovered fuels is by definition not possible.

[SOURCE:ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.3, modified - Note 4 to entry has been added.]