ISO 23162:2021 基本的な精液検査—仕様と試験方法 | ページ 6

3.1

air displacement pipette

common laboratory pipette with disposable tips where the volume aspirated is controlled by the displacement of an equivalent volume of air inside an enclosed chamber inside the pipette handle

Note 1 to entry: An air displacement pipette can only give accurate volumes for liquids with viscosity close to that of water.

3.2

azoospermia

complete absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate (3.4)

Note 1 to entry: The term azoospermia is not a clinical diagnosis but a description of a laboratory finding. Complete lack of spermatozoa is difficult to determine in absolute terms. Since only parts of an ejaculate (3.4) can be examined, the modern definition is based on probability calculations derived from data obtained from investigations of random aliquots from an ejaculate (3.4) (See Annex A).

3.3

CASA

computer-aided sperm analysis

automated examination of ejaculates (3.4) with equipment using imaging technology

Note 1 to entry: Examination based on image analysis of video sequences to obtain information on sperm concentration (3.18) and motility, more seldom sperm morphology.

Note 2 to entry: There are CASA systems commercially available, but no common standard for validation, evaluation, reliability in analyses or contents of reports. The scope of this document is not to provide a standard for CASA, although the pre-examination aspects can be useful also to developers, manufacturers, and users of CASA equipment.

3.4

ejaculate

semen sample, which is a mixture of spermatozoa and secretions, mainly from the seminal vesicles, the prostate and the epididymides

Note 1 to entry: The ejaculate can be obtained by various methods including masturbation, intercourse, vibratory stimulation or electro-ejaculation.

3.5

ejaculate viscosity

property of an ejaculate (3.4) describing its resistance to flow like water after liquefaction (3.10)

Note 1 to entry: Incompletely liquefied semen is not a homogenous liquid due to the contents of gelatinous structures in the ejaculate fluid.

3.6

high power field

area of a slide which is visible in the microscope under high power magnification (×400)

Note 1 to entry: This is not a standard field area as the size varies according to the type of oculars used (e.g. standard or wide field) (see Annex B).

3.7

immotile

total lack of active tail movements

3.8

interlaboratory comparison

organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17043:2010, 3.4]

3.9

ideal spermatozoon

spermatozoon with the morphology typical of spermatozoa able to penetrate into and migrate within cervical mucus and reach the site of fertilization

[SOURCE: Menkveld, et al., 1991,^[9] Menkveld and Kruger, 1995^[10]]

3.10

liquefaction

process of change in the consistency of the ejaculate (3.4) from gel-like or coagulum-like into a liquid phase

Note 1 to entry: Liquefaction occurs due to degradation of the gel-like or coagulum-like property, by enzymatic action on macromolecules.

3.11

non-progressive sperm motility

active tail movements leading to a sperm propagation of less than approximately 5 µm/s

Note 1 to entry: A normal head length is approximately 5 μm.

3.12

positive displacement pipette

common laboratory pipette working by piston-driven displacement within a capillary, not the displacement of air within an enclosed chamber

Note 1 to entry: The piston in the pipette tip is in direct contact with the liquid specimen.

Note 2 to entry: Use to avoid major volume errors with viscous liquids like semen.

3.13

progressive sperm motility

forward motility of a spermatozoon of at least 5 µm/s

Note 1 to entry: See also slow progressive sperm motility (3.16) and rapid progressive sperm motility (3.14) .

Note 2 to entry: Spermatozoa moving in circular paths are considered progressive based on space gain.

3.14

rapid progressive sperm motility

forward motility of a spermatozoon of at least 25 µm/s

3.15

sexual abstinence

time between the collection of ejaculate (3.4) for analysis and the most recent previous ejaculation

Note 1 to entry: Expressed in days or hours as appropriate for the intended use.

3.16

slow progressive sperm motility

forward motility of a spermatozoon of at least 5 µm/s but less than 25 µm/s

3.17

specimen collection container

receptacle used to collect primary samples

Note 1 to entry: Specimen collection container shall be not toxic to spermatozoa.

Note 2 to entry: If an ejaculate (3.4) can only be collected at sexual intercourse, a non-toxic, Silastic™ condom can be used. The ejaculate (3.4) shall be transferred to an ejaculate sample container upon receipt by the laboratory; this shall be noted in the report form.

3.18

sperm concentration

number of spermatozoa per unit volume

Note 1 to entry: Sperm concentration is expressed in millions or thousands/millilitre.

Note 2 to entry: It shall not be confused with sperm density (mass/volume).

3.19

sperm vitality

percentage of vital spermatozoa, independent of their ability to move

3.20

total sperm number

calculated total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate (3.4)

Note 1 to entry: Total sperm number is the sperm concentration (3.18) multiplied by the ejaculate (3.4) volume.

Note 2 to entry: Total sperm number is not the same as sperm concentration (3.18) .

3.21

Tygerberg strict criteria

sperm morphology criteria based on the morphology of spermatozoa able to penetrate into and migrate within cervical mucus

3.22

Teratozoospermia Index

TZI

average number of defective regions (head, neck/midpiece, tail, and/or cytoplasmic droplet) in abnormal spermatozoa

Note 1 to entry: This index is, by definition, never outside the interval of [1.00;4.00].