ISO 6498:2012 動物の飼料—サンプル準備のガイドライン | ページ 4

2.1.1

多く

同じ製造プロセスであると想定され、指定されたサンプリング規則によって表される材料の量

注記 1:この国際規格の目的上、規則は委員会規則 (EC) No. 152/200 ^[3]

2.1.2

実験室サンプル

試験所に送るために（ロットから）準備され、検査または試験を目的としたサンプル。

2.1.3

テストサンプル

サブサンプルまたは実験室サンプルから調製されたサンプルで、そこから試験部分が採取される

2.1.4

テスト部分

テストサンプルから（または両方が同じ場合は実験室サンプルから）抽出された材料の量

2.1.5

予備サンプル

分割またはサブサンプリングされた試験サンプルが採取され、それ以上の粒子サイズの縮小が行われていない場合に、実験室サンプルから残った物質。

注記1例えば、マイコトキシンまたは遺伝子組み換え生物の分析が実験室サンプル全体に対して行われる場合、予備サンプルも対応する粒子サイズに縮小されます。予備サンプルは、完全性を維持する条件下で保管する必要があります。

2.2.1

parameter

analyte or constituent or microorganism for which the feeding stuff is to be analysed by microscopic, microbiological, biological or chemical procedures

2.2.1.1

stable parameter

analyte or constituent or microorganism which does not degrade during sample preparation on common handling or storage at room temperatures of 20 °C to 25 °C

2.2.1.2

unstable parameter

analyte or constituent or microorganism which degrades during sample preparation on common handling or storage at room temperatures of 20 °C to 25 °C because they are volatile, degradable, or sensitive to temperature, light, enzymatic degradation or chemical oxidation

2.3.1

birdseed

seeds that are intended to feed birds

2.3.2

whole cottonseed

unprocessed cottonseed product, including the hulls, lint, and meat

2.3.3

mineral mix

supplementary feed that mainly consists of mineral ingredients in either granular, bead or small pellet form and which is free flowing as an entire mix

Note 1 to entry: Mineral pellets are an agglomerated mineral mix formed by a mechanical process (in general).

2.3.4

dry feeds

feed ingredient or complete animal feed which typically contains a moisture mass fraction of not more than 15 %

Note 1 to entry: Dry feed pellets are an agglomerated dry feed produced by a mechanical process (in general).

2.3.5

green fodder

edible parts of plants, other than separated grain, that can provide feed for grazing animals or that can be harvested for feeding, including browse, herbage, and mast

Note 1 to entry: Generally, the term refers to more digestible material in contrast to less-digestible plant material, known as roughage.

2.3.6

silage

forage preserved in a succulent condition by organic acids produced by anaerobic fermentation of sugars in the forage

2.3.7

roughage

fibrous, coarsely textured parts of plants

2.3.8

hay

aerial portion of grass especially cut and dried for animal feeding

2.3.9

haylage

forage preserved in a succulent condition by organic acids produced by anaerobic fermentation of sugars in the forage with a moisture mass fraction of about 45 %

2.3.10

total mixed ration

TMR

single mixture of all feed ingredients (forages, grains, and supplements) that is supplied to an animal for a 24 h period

Note 1 to entry: In practice, the 24 h allotment of the mixture may be offered in one or more feedings.

2.3.11

byproduct

product which remains after processes for the production of ingredients from plant material

2.3.12

oilseed

any seed from which oil is extracted

2.3.13

large block feed

molasses block feed

agglomerated feed compressed into a solid mass that is cohesive enough to hold its form

Note 1 to entry: Large block feed weighs over 1 kg, generally about 20 kg. It may be marketed as a mineral block or a “caramelized” molasses drum, containing various minerals and nutrients. Samples may be received by the laboratory as large chunks, cores or “sticky clumps”.

2.3.14

liquid feed

feed product not solid and not aeriform

Note 1 to entry: A liquid feed contains sufficient moisture to flow readily and may contain molasses.

2.3.15

canned pet food

feed product for pets which has been processed, packaged, sealed and sterilized for preservation in cans or similar containers

2.3.16

semi-moist feed

meat-based feed product for pets or aquatic animals that has been partially dried to prevent microbial decomposition

Note 1 to entry: The moisture mass fraction may range from 15 % to 40 %. The product is generally in the form of strips or cubes and is designed to be stored at room temperature.

2.3.17

dog chew

rawhide bone

meat and skin or peel strip that has been nearly completely dried to a leather-like consistency

2.3.18

premixture

mixture of one or more micro-ingredients with diluent or carrier

Note 1 to entry: Premixtures are used to facilitate uniform dispersion of the micro-ingredients (e.g. vitamins, probiotics, drugs or antibiotics) into a final feed.

2.3.19

range and alfalfa hay pellet

agglomerated feed formed by compacting and forcing the mix through, for example, square openings by a mechanical process

Note 1 to entry: The pellets are mostly about 2 cm in diameter and 5 cm in length (volume about 16 cm³) and may contain molasses; this definition also applies to alfalfa cubes (chopped alfalfa hay) of larger dimensions.

2.3.20

texturized feed

sticky feed

mix of assorted grains and commercial feed (generally pelleted), all of which has been treated with a coating of, for example, molasses

Note 1 to entry: Some of the grains may have been steam heated or rolled prior to incorporation into the texturized feed.

2.3.21

aquatic feed

feed which is fed to aquatic animals and which has been mechanically processed into encapsulated pellets, flakes, crumble, and as packaged sealed powder

2.4.1

homogeneity

degree to which a property or a constituent is uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of material

Note 1 to entry: Homogeneity may be considered to have been achieved in a practical sense when the sampling error of the processed portion is negligible compared to the total error of the measurement system. Since homogeneity depends on the size of the units under consideration, a mixture of two materials may be inhomogeneous at the molecular or atomic level, but sufficiently homogeneous at the particulate level. However, uniform visual appearance does not ensure compositional homogeneity.

2.4.2

partial drying

part of the sample preparation procedure for feedstuff samples with a high moisture content (dry mass fraction <85 %), in which the sample is carefully dried to allow subsequent sample preparation procedures to be applied, such as particle size reduction by grinding with a mill

Note 1 to entry: The partial drying procedure depends on the feeding stuff [e.g. at temperatures below 55 °C to 60 °C for silages], and on the heat stability of the parameters (e.g. 70 °C ± 10 °C for drugs and antibiotics).

Note 2 to entry: Samples for microbiological analysis should not be dried (at temperatures above 40 °C).

Note 3 to entry: Partial drying can also be achieved by a freeze-drying procedure, which is a careful drying process using a vacuum to allow moisture to evaporate.

2.4.3

coarse grinding

first grinding step of the whole sample when the laboratory sample contains large lumps or when its particle size is above about 6 mm before mass reduction

Note 1 to entry: Coarse grinding is a special kind of particle size reduction that ensures homogeneity of the laboratory sample for subsampling purposes.

2.4.4

mass reduction

part of the sample preparation procedure to reduce the mass of a laboratory sample by dividing or subsampling it using (stationary or rotary) dividers or fractional (alternate) shovelling, without changing the consistency of the sample

Note 1 to entry: After mass reduction, all subsamples should have the same properties as the original laboratory sample.

2.4.5

particle size reduction

part of the sample preparation procedure achieved by chopping, crushing, cutting, blending (homogenizing), macerating, milling (grinding), pressing, pulverizing to obtain a homogeneous test sample for further analysis

Note 1 to entry: In general, particle size reduction follows the mass reduction step of the sample preparation procedure with different sieve size options to ensure integrity of the test sample(s).

Figure 1 — Illustration of definitions concerning “sample”, “substances” and “sample preparation procedure”