この規格 プレビューページの目次
※一部、英文及び仏文を自動翻訳した日本語訳を使用しています。
2.1ASTM 規格:2
- E275, 紫外および可視分光光度計の性能の記述と測定の実践
- E3083, 放射線処理に関する用語：線量測定と応用
2.2ISO/ASTM 規格:2
- 51261, 放射線処理のためのルーチン線量測定システムの校正のための練習
- 51707, 放射線処理のための線量測定における測定の不確実性の推定のためのガイド
- 52628, 放射線処理における線量測定の実習
- 52701, 放射線処理で使用する線量計および線量測定システムの性能特性評価ガイド
2.3国際放射線単位測定委員会 (ICRU) レポート:3
- ICRU レポート 80, 放射線処理に使用する線量測定システム
- ICRU レポート 85a, 電離放射線の基本量と単位
2.4ISO規格：4
- 12749-4, 原子力 — 語彙 — 4: 放射線処理のための線量測定
2.5計量ガイド合同委員会 (JCGM) レポート:
- JCGM 100:2008, GUM 1995, 軽微な修正あり 測定日の評価 - 測定における不確実性の表現のガイド5
- JCGM 200:2012, VIMInternational Vocabulary of Metrology - Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms 6
3 用語
3.1定義:
3.1.1
線量計バッチ
均一な組成の材料の特定の質量から作られ、制御された一貫した条件下で単一の生産工程で製造され、一意の識別コードを持つ線量計の数量。
3.1.2
線量計の反応
表示
電離放射線によって線量計に生じる再現可能で定量化可能な変化。
3.1.2.1
討論
吸収線量の推定には、1 回または複数回の測定から得られた線量計の応答値 (指示) が使用されます。
3.1.2.2
討論
PMMA線量計の場合、線量計の応答値（指示）は吸光度の測定から得られます。
3.1.3
線量計在庫
ユーザーが保持する線量計バッチの一部。
3.1.4
ポリメチルメタクリレート (PMMA) 線量計
特別に選択または開発された PMMA 材料の小片で、メーカーによって個別に不浸透性の小袋に密封されています。照射されると、吸収線量に関連する可能性のある比吸光度の特徴的な変化を示します。
3.1.4.1
討論
照射後に小袋から取り出したPMMA片は、一般に線量計とも呼ばれます。
3.1.5
比吸光度
k
選択した波長 λ での吸光度Aλを光路長dで割った値:
(1)
3.2放射線測定および線量測定に関連するこの規格で使用されるその他の用語の定義は、ISO/ASTM Practice 52628 に記載されています。放射線測定および線量測定に関連するその他の用語は、ASTM 用語集 E3083 および ISO 用語集 ISO 12749-4 に記載されています。必要に応じて、これらの規格で使用されている定義は、ICRU レポート 85a の定義、および VIM で与えられている一般的な計量の定義から派生したものであり、それらと一致しています。
参考文献
| (1) | Bett, R., Watts, MF, Plested, ME, "染色されたポリメチルメタクリレート線量計の貯蔵寿命", Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 63, 2002, pp. 793–797. |
| (2) | Whittaker, B., Watts, MF, "The Influence of Dose Rate, Ambient Temperature and Time on the Radiation Response of PMMA Dosimeters", Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 60, 2001, pp. 101–110. |
| (3) | M Takehisa, Y Sato, T Sasuga, N Haneda, Y Haruyama, and H Sunaga, "Gamma-ray Response of a Clear, Crosslinked PMMA Dosimeter, Radix W," Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 76, 2007, pp. 1619- 1623年。 |
| (4) | Seito H, Ichikawa T, Haneda N, Kaneko H, Sato Y, Watanabe H, and Kojima T, “Characteristics study of clear polymethylmetharyl dosimeter, Radix W, in many kGy range,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 78, 2009, pp . 356–35 |
| (5) | Chu, RDH, and Antoniades, MT, "Use of Ceric Sulphate and Perspex Dosimeters for Calibration of Irradiation Facilities," IAEA Report SM192/14, International Atomic Energy Agency Publication, Vienna, 1975. |
| (6) | Miller, A., Bjergbakke, E., and McLaughlin, WL, "Some Limitations in the Use of Plastic and Dyed Plastic Dosimeters", International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes , Vol 26, 1975, pp. 611–620. |
| （7） | Olejnik, TA, 「工業用放射線滅菌プロセス制御における Red 4034 'Perspex' 線量計」、 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 、Vol 14, 1979, pp. 431–44 |
| (8位) | Barrett, JH, "Dosimetry with Dyed and UndyedAcrylic Plastics", International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes , Vol 33, 1982, pp. 1177-1187. |
| (9) | Whittaker, B., Watts, MF, Mellor, S., and Heneghan, M., "Some Parameters Affecting the Radiation Response and Post-Irradiation Stability of Red 4034 'Perspex' Dosimeters", Proceedings of the International Symposium , "High- Dose Dosimetry」、IAEA Publication STI/PUB/671, ウィーン、1984 年。 |
| (10) | Levine, H.、McLaughlin, WL, および Miller, A.、「プラスチックおよび染色プラスチック線量計のガンマ線応答および安定性に対する温度および湿度の影響」、 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 、第 14 巻、1979 年、551 ページ-574. |
| (11) | Al-Sheikhly, M.、Chappas, WJ, McLaughlin, WL, および Humphreys, JC, "Effects of Absorbed Dose-rate, Irradiation Temperature, and Post Irradiation Temperature on the Gamma Ray Response of Red Perspex Dosimeters", Proceedings of a Internationalシンポジウム、「放射線処理のための高線量線量測定」、IAEA 出版物 STI/PUB/846, 国際原子力機関、ウィーン、1991 年。 |
| (12) | McLaughlin, WL, Boyd, AW, Chadwick, KH, McDonald, JC, and Miller, A., "Dosimetry for Radiation Processing", Taylor and Francis (publishers), London, New York, Philadelphia, 1989. |
| (13) | Glover, KM, Plested, ME, Watts, MF, and Whittaker, B., "A Study of Some Parameters Related to the Response of Harwell PMMA Dosimeters to Gamma and Electron Irradiation", Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 42, 1993, pp .739–74 |
| (14) | Sohrabpour, M.、Kazemi, AA, Mousavi, H.、および Solati, K.、「放射線処理のための多数のプラスチック線量計の温度応答」、 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 、Vol 42, 1993, pp. 783–78 |
| (15) | Miller, A. および Chadwick, KH, 「食品照射プロセスの承認のための線量測定」、 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 、Vol 34, 1989, pp. 999-100 |
| (16) | 「光子ビームおよび電子ビームにおける吸収線量の決定」、IAEA, テクニカル レポート シリーズ、No. 277, ウィーン、1987年。 |
| (17) | Whittaker, B., "Uncertainties in Absorbed Dose as Measured Using PMMA Dosimeters," Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 42, 1993, pp. 841–844. |
| (18) | Whittaker, B.、「線量測定目的のためのポリ(メチルメタクリレート)/染料システムの最近の開発」 、国際シンポジウムの議事録、「メガラド範囲での放射線量および線量分布測定」、国立物理研究所、英国、1970年。 |
| (19) | Barrett, JH, Glover, KM, McLaughlin, WL, Sharpe, PHG, Watts, MF, and Whittaker, B., "A High-Dose Intercomparison Study Involving Red 4034 'Perspex' and Radiochromic Dye Film," UKAEA, Harwell Report AERE -R13159, 1988, Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 36, 1990, pp. 505-507. |
| (20) | Kojima, T., Haneda, N., Mitomo, S., Tachibana, H., and Tanaka, R., "The Gamma-Ray Response of Clear Polymethylmetharyl Dosimeter, Radix RN15," Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes , Vol 43 、 いいえ。 １０、１９９２年、ｐ． 1197年。 |
| (21) | チャドウィック、KH, 「照射された透明なポリメチルメタクリレートの光学密度に対する露光の影響」、 Physics in Medicine and Biology 、Vol 17, 1972, pp.88–9 |
| (22) | Chadwick, KH, "The Effect of Humidity on the Response of HX 'Perspex' Dosimeters," IAEA Report TECDOX-321, 1984. |
| (23) | Whittaker, B., "A New PMMA Dosimeter for Low Doses and Low Temperatures", Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 35, 1990, pp. 699–702. |
| (24) | Miller, A., "放射線処理のための線量測定", Proceedings of an International Symposium on Radiation Chemistry and Processing, Czechoslovakia, Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 28, 1986, pp. 521–529. |
| (25) | Chadwick, KH, "Radiation Measurements and Quality Control", Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 14, 1979, pp. 203–212. |
| (26) | Ellis, SC, Barrett, JH, and Morris, WT, "Radiation Standards and Dosimetry for Radiation Processing," Proceedings of the International Conference , "Radiation Processing for Plastics and Rubber," Cambridge, UK, 1984. |
| (27) | Biramontri, S., Haneda, N., Tachibana, H., and Kojima, T., "Effect of Low-irradiation temperature on the Gamma-Ray Response of Dyed and Un-dyed PMMA Dosimeters," Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol 48 、 いいえ。 1, 1996, pp. 105-109. |
| (28) | Sharpe, P.、Miller, A.、「放射線処理で使用するための線量計の校正に関するガイドライン」、 Center for Ionizing Radiation Metrology出版物、CIRM29, 2009 年。 |
| (29) | Seito H, Ichikawa T, Hanaya H, Soto Y, Keneko H, Haruyama Y, Watanabe H, Kojima T, "Application of clear polymethylmetharyl dosimeter, Radix W, to a few MeV electrons inradiation processing," Radiation Physics and Chemistry , Vol. 78, 2009, p961–96 |
2.1ASTM Standards:2
- E275, Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
- E3083, Terminology Relating to Radiation Processing: Dosimetry and Applications
2.2ISO/ASTM Standards:2
- 51261, Practice for Calibration of Routine Dosimetry Systems for Radiation Processing
- 51707, Guide for Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty in Dosimetry for Radiation Processing
- 52628, Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing
- 52701, Guide for Performance Characterization of Dosimeters and Dosimetry Systems for Use in Radiation Processing
2.3International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Reports:3
- ICRU Report 80, Dosimetry Systems for Use in Radiation Processing
- ICRU Report 85a, Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation
2.4ISO Standard:4
- 12749-4, Nuclear energy — Vocabulary — 4: Dosimetry for radiation processing
2.5Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) Reports:
- JCGM 100:2008, GUM 1995, with minor correctionsEvaluation of measurement date - Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement 5
- JCGM 200:2012, VIMInternational Vocabulary of Metrology - Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms 6
3 Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1
dosimeter batch
quantity of dosimeters made from a specific mass of material with uniform composition, fabricated in a single production run under controlled, consistent conditions, and having a unique identification code.
3.1.2
dosimeter response
indication
reproducible, quantifiable change produced in the dosimeter by ionizing radiation.
3.1.2.1
Discussion
The dosimeter response value (indication), obtained from one or more measurements, is used in the estimation of absorbed dose.
3.1.2.2
Discussion
For PMMA dosimeters, the dosimeter response value (indication) is obtained from measurement of the optical absorbance.
3.1.3
dosimeter stock
part of a dosimeter batch held by the user.
3.1.4
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dosimeter
piece of specially selected or developed PMMA material, individually sealed by the manufacturer in an impermeable sachet that, when irradiated, exhibits a characterizable change in specific absorbance that can be related to absorbed dose.
3.1.4.1
Discussion
The piece of PMMA, when removed from the sachet after irradiation, is also commonly referred to as the dosimeter.
3.1.5
specific absorbance
k
optical absorbance, Aλ, at a selected wavelength λ, divided by the optical path length, d:
(1)
3.2 Definitions of other terms used in this standard that pertain to radiation measurement and dosimetry may be found in ISO/ASTM Practice 52628. Other terms that pertain to radiation measurement and dosimetry may be found in ASTM Terminology E3083 and ISO Terminology ISO 12749-4. Where appropriate, definitions used in these standards have been derived from, and are consistent with definitions in ICRU Report 85a, and general metrological definitions given in the VIM.
Bibliography
| (1) | Bett, R., Watts, M. F., Plested, M. E., “The shelf life of dyed polymethylmethacrylate dosimeters,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 63, 2002, pp. 793–797. |
| (2) | Whittaker, B., Watts, M. F., “The Influence of Dose Rate, Ambient Temperature and Time on the Radiation Response of PMMA Dosimeters,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 60, 2001, pp. 101–110. |
| (3) | Takehisa, M., Sato, Y., Sasuga, T., Haneda, N., Haruyama, Y., and Sunaga, H., “Gamma-ray Response of a Clear, Crosslinked PMMA Dosimeter, Radix W,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 76, 2007, pp. 1619–1623. |
| (4) | Seito, H., Ichikawa, T., Haneda, N., Kaneko, H., Sato, Y., Watanabe, H., and Kojima, T., “Characteristics study of clear polymethylmethacrylate dosimeter, Radix W, in several kGy range,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 78, 2009, pp. 356–359. |
| (5) | Chu, R. D. H., and Antoniades, M. T.,“Use of Ceric Sulphate and Perspex Dosimeters for Calibration of Irradiation Facilities,” IAEA Report SM192/14, International Atomic Energy Agency Publication, Vienna, 1975. |
| (6) | Miller, A., Bjergbakke, E., and McLaughlin, W. L., “Some Limitations in the Use of Plastic and Dyed Plastic Dosimeters,” International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol 26, 1975, pp. 611–620. |
| (7) | Olejnik, T. A., “Red 4034 ’Perspex’ Dosimeters in Industrial Radiation Sterilization Process Control,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 14, 1979, pp. 431–447. |
| (8) | Barrett, J. H., “Dosimetry with Dyed and Undyed Acrylic Plastic,” International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol 33, 1982, pp. 1177–1187. |
| (9) | Whittaker, B., Watts, M. F., Mellor, S., and Heneghan, M., “Some Parameters Affecting the Radiation Response and Post-Irradiation Stability of Red 4034 ’Perspex’ Dosimeters,” Proceedings of the International Symposium, “High-Dose Dosimetry,” IAEA Publication STI/PUB/671, Vienna, 1984. |
| (10) | Levine, H., McLaughlin, W. L., and Miller, A., “Temperature and Humidity Effects on the Gamma-Ray Response and Stability of Plastics and Dyed-Plastic Dosimeters,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 14, 1979, pp. 551–574. |
| (11) | Al-Sheikhly, M., Chappas, W. J., McLaughlin, W. L., and Humphreys, J. C., “Effects of Absorbed Dose-rate, Irradiation Temperature, and Post Irradiation Temperature on the Gamma Ray Response of Red Perspex Dosimeters,” Proceedings of an International Symposium, “High Dose Dosimetry for Radiation Processing,” IAEA Publication STI/PUB/846, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991. |
| (12) | McLaughlin, W. L., Boyd, A. W., Chadwick, K. H., McDonald, J. C., and Miller, A., “Dosimetry for Radiation Processing,” Taylor and Francis (publishers), London, New York, Philadelphia, 1989. |
| (13) | Glover, K. M., Plested, M. E., Watts, M. F., and Whittaker, B., “A Study of Some Parameters Relevant to the Response of Harwell PMMA Dosimeters to Gamma and Electron Irradiation,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 42, 1993, pp. 739–742. |
| (14) | Sohrabpour, M., Kazemi, A. A., Mousavi, H., and Solati, K., “Temperature Response of a Number of Plastic Dosimeters for Radiation Processing,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 42, 1993, pp. 783–787. |
| (15) | Miller, A., and Chadwick, K. H., “Dosimetry for the Approval of Food Irradiation Processes,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 34, 1989, pp. 999–1004. |
| (16) | “Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams,” IAEA, Technical Report Series, No. 277, Vienna, 1987. |
| (17) | Whittaker, B., “Uncertainties in Absorbed Dose as Measured Using PMMA Dosimeters,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 42, 1993, pp. 841–844. |
| (18) | Whittaker, B., “Recent Developments in Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/ Dye Systems for Dosimetry Purposes,” Proceedings of the International Symposium, “Radiation Dose and Dose Distribution Measurements in the Megarad Range,” National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom, 1970. |
| (19) | Barrett, J. H., Glover, K. M., McLaughlin, W. L., Sharpe, P. H. G., Watts, M. F., and Whittaker, B.,“A High-Dose Intercomparison Study Involving Red 4034 ‘Perspex’ and Radiochromic Dye Film,” UKAEA, Harwell Report AERE-R13159, 1988, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 36, 1990, pp. 505–507. |
| (20) | Kojima, T., Haneda, N., Mitomo, S., Tachibana, H., and Tanaka, R., “The Gamma-Ray Response of Clear Polymethylmethacrylate Dosimeter, Radix RN15,” Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol 43, No. 10, 1992, p. 1197. |
| (21) | Chadwick, K. H., “The Effect of Light Exposure on the Optical Density of Irradiated Clear Polymethylmethacrylate,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol 17, 1972, pp. 88–93. |
| (22) | Chadwick, K. H., “The Effect of Humidity on the Response of HX ’Perspex’ Dosimeters,” IAEA Report TECDOX-321, 1984. |
| (23) | Whittaker, B., “A New PMMA Dosimeter for Low Doses and Low Temperatures,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 35, 1990, pp. 699–702. |
| (24) | Miller, A., “Dosimetry for Radiation Processing,” Proceedings of an International Symposium on Radiation Chemistry and Processing, Czechoslovakia, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 28, 1986, pp. 521–529. |
| (25) | Chadwick, K. H., “Radiation Measurements and Quality Control,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 14, 1979, pp. 203–212. |
| (26) | Ellis, S. C., Barrett, J. H., and Morris, W. T., “Radiation Standards and Dosimetry for Radiation Processing,” Proceedings of the International Conference, “Radiation Processing for Plastics and Rubber,” Cambridge, UK, 1984. |
| (27) | Biramontri, S., Haneda, N., Tachibana, H., and Kojima, T., “Effect of Low Irradiation Temperature on the Gamma-Ray Response of Dyed and Un-dyed PMMA Dosimeters,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 48, No. 1, 1996, pp. 105–109. |
| (28) | Sharpe, P., Miller, A., “Guidelines for the Calibration of Dosimeters for use in Radiation Processing,” Centre for Ionising Radiation Metrology publication, CIRM29, 2009. |
| (29) | Seito, H., Ichikawa, T., Hanaya, H., Soto, Y., Keneko, H., Haruyama, Y., Watanabe, H., Kojima, T., “Application of clear polymethylmethacrylate dosimeter, Radix W, to a few MeV electron in radiation processing,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol 78, 2009, pp. 961–965. |