ISO/ASTM 52939:2023 建設用積層造形 | ページ 6

3.1

additive manufacturing for construction

AMC

process to join materials to make structural and non-structural elements/components and systems from 3D model data usually by depositing material layer upon layer as opposed to subtractive and formative manufacturing methodologies

3.2

additive construction

AC

term to describe all relevant disciplines and knowledge for the construction segment using additive manufacturing process categories

Note 1 to entry: The use of the technologies covers all relevant construction sectors, for example large scale real estate projects, entire buildings and building elements, civil infrastructure, and disaster relief.

Note 2 to entry: AC describes all relevant knowledge disciplines, for example: architecture, engineering, structural engineering, materials engineering, robot operator, project management, construction management, facility management, etc.

Note 3 to entry: Other terms used interchangeably are: Digital Construction (DC), Construction 4.0, Advanced Manufacturing in Construction (AMC), Construction 3D Printing (C3DP) and 3D Construction Printing (3DCP).

Note 5 to entry: Intrinsic to the current definition is a high degree of robotic automation, a reduced degree of human intervention during the construction process, and minimal waste due to as-needed material delivery systems.

Note 6 to entry: As of this writing in 2023, the field of AC is rapidly evolving, and novel materials and methods are very likely to become included in this definition.

Note 7 to entry: AC is used on-site or off-site (e.g. modular factory-based production).

3.3

layer deposition

application of a single layer

3.4

AC cell

printing solution deployed on site for in-situ printing (includes material mixing and placement systems)

3.5

material deposition device

numerically controlled assembly, including mixing and delivery mechanisms for raw materials, binders, and additives; places the mixture based on a digital simulation entered in the assembly’s electronic programs, without the need for direct human intervention or for using moulds

3.6

physical production

physical totality of the build space, elements located on the build space, and production related support structures and plant in the build space of the system

3.7

virtual production run

computer/digital simulation of the physical production (3.7) run (print file)

3.8

dry production run

process of running the build program with no materials to verify the first layer toolpath and other critical points of the program; and can be part of calibration process

3.9

construction process

digital and physical AC operations, from setup of the robot through completion of the final printed element, including quality assurance testing and verification

3.10

mechanical, electrical and plumbing

MEP

building systems required for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; electrical power and communication supply; and water supply and sewage removal, respectively

3.11

printed element

construction 3D printed component, whether constructed on-site (in-situ) or off-site, that gets incorporated into a building or structure, as a complete infrastructure component

3.12

printability

ability of the material to be easily delivered to the print head, processed by the print head, e.g. extrudability (3.13) , and meet consistent layer shape stability, buildability (3.14) requirements, and if applicable pumpability (3.15)

3.13

extrudability

ability of the material to smoothly be ejected through the printing nozzle without inducing any blockage of the conduits or significant damage to the material quality

3.14

buildability

ability of a print to preserve vertical and lateral stability under increasing loads coming from superposed/subsequent layers with controlled deformation

3.15

pumpability

material paste criterion that is related to the concrete extrusion and workability, as it is important to ensure that the materials have a continuous easy-flowing behaviour from the source to the printing material deposition device/nozzle

Note 1 to entry: Pumpability ensures the materials can be pumped easily and continuously without creating clogging issues inside the delivery system.