ISO/IEC 11072:1992 情報技術—コンピューターグラフィックス—コンピューターグラフィックス参照モデル | ページ 5

2.1

computer graphics

The creation of, manipulation of, analysis of and interaction with pictorial representations of objects and data using computers.

2.2

application

The external object that uses computer graphics. Applications are not modelled in the CGRM, but their interactions with computer graphics are modelled.

2.3

operator

The external object that observes the contents of the display and generates physical input values. Operators are not modelled in the CGRM, but their interactions with computer graphics systems are modelled.

2.4

environment

A subdivision of the CGRM at a given level of abstraction. The definition of the environment includes the definition of its data elements and processing elements. Specific names are given to the five environments: construction, virtual, viewing, logical and realization (see 3.6.1).

2.4.1

construction environment

The environment that interfaces to the application.

2.4.2

virtual environment

The environment between the construction and viewing environments.

2.4.3

viewing environment

The environment between the virtual and logical environments.

2.4.4

logical environment

The environment between the viewing and the realization environments.

2.4.5

realization environment

The environment that interfaces to the operator.

2.4.6

higher environment

An environment closer to the application.

2.4.7

lower environment

An environment closer to the operator.

2.4.8

entity

An item of information stored within an environment or passed between environments. Entities are divided into three classes: input, output and control.

2.4.9

fan-in

The merging of entities from multiple, independent sources to produce a single stream (without changing individual entities) to be processed by a single environment.

2.4.10

fan-out

The generation of multiple, independent entities from a single entity without change. The generated entities are sent to independent environments.

2.5

external interfaces

The interfaces between the computer graphics system and the outside world, the interfaces communicate with the operator, application, data capture metafile and audit trail metafile.

2.5.1

operator interface

The interface between the realization environment and the operator. This is the only interface between the operator and the graphics system.

2.5.2

application interface

The interface provided by the construction environment to the application. This is the only interface between the application and the graphics system.

2.5.3

data capture metafile

An external object for representing all or part of a data element for storage, retrieval and transmission.

2.5.3.1

export

The process of generating a data capture metafile.

2.5.3.2

import

The action of setting part or all of a data element from a data capture metafile.

2.5.4

audit trail metafile

An external object for representing the sequential flow of information across the application interface.

2.6

processing element

A process in an environment: absorption, manipulation, distribution, assembly, and emanation.

2.6.1

absorption

A process which receives entities from the next higher environment and processes them for use within its own environment. Specific names are given to absorption at each environment level: preparation, production, projection, completion and presentation.

2.6.1.1

preparation

The name given to absorption in the construction environment.

2.6.1.2

production

The name given to absorption in the virtual environment.

2.6.1.3

projection

The name given to absorption in the viewing environment.

2.6.1.4

completion

The name given to absorption in the logical environment.

2.6.1.5

presentation

The name given to absorption in the realization environment.

2.6.2

emanation

A process which emanates token store and input control entities to the next higher environment after processing them. Specific names are given to emanation at each environment level: accumulation, abstraction, elevation, generation and utilization.

2.6.2.1

accumulation

The name given to emanation in the realization environment.

2.6.2.2

abstraction

The name given to emanation in the logical environment.

2.6.2.3

elevation

The name given to emanation in the viewing environment.

2.6.2.4

generation

The name given to emanation in the virtual environment.

2.6.2.5

utilization

The name given to emanation in the construction environment.

2.6.3

distribution

A process which distributes the composition and output control entities to the next lower environment.

2.6.4

assembly

A process which receives entities from the next lower environment for use within its own environment.

2.6.5

manipulation

A process which accesses and changes the contents of data elements.

2.7

data element

A store in an environment: composition, collection store, token store, aggregation store, and environment state.

2.7.1

composition

A spatially structured set of output primitives in a given environment. Specific names are given to the composition at each environment level: model, scene, picture, graphical image and display.

2.7.1.1

model

The name given to the composition in the construction environment.

2.7.1.2

scene

The name given to the composition in the virtual environment.

2.7.1.3

picture

The name given to the composition in the viewing environment.

2.7.1.4

graphical image

The name given to the composition in the logical environment.

2.7.1.5

display

The name given to the composition in the realization environment.

2.7.2

collection store

A storage facility for collections.

2.7.2.1

collection

A set of output entities which are named and may be structured. A collection may be manipulated to produce all or part of a composition in the same environment.

2.7.3

aggregation store

A storage facility for aggregations.

2.7.3.1

aggregation

A set of input entities which are named and may be structured. An aggregation may be manipulated to produce one or more input tokens in the token store in the same environment.

2.7.4

token store

A structured set of input tokens in a given environment. Specific names are given to the token store at each environment: lexeme store, information store, selection store, directive store and instruction store.

2.7.4.1

lexeme store

The name given to the token store in the realization environment.

2.7.4.2

information store

The name given to the token store in the logical environment.

2.7.4.3

selection store

The name given to the token store in the viewing environment.

2.7.4.4

directive store

The name given to the token store in the virtual environment.

2.7.4.5

instruction store

The name given to the token store in the construction environment.

2.7.5

environment state

Entities in the environment separate from other data elements: composition, collection store, token store, aggregation store.

2.7.6

editing

The change of entities within data elements in an environment.

2.8

output primitive

An atomic unit for graphical output in a given environment. There may be more than one class of output primitive. Geometric and other properties may be bound to an output primitive at its creation or later.

2.9

input token

An atomic unit for graphical input in a given environment. There may be more than one class of input token. Geometry and other properties may be bound to an input token at its creation or later.

2.9.1

property

A value that may be used by an output primitive or input token to specify its geometry or other characteristics.

2.9.2

geometric property

A property which is subject to modification by geometric transformations.

2.9.2.1

geometric transformation

A transformation that modifies the geometry of an input token or output primitive.

2.9.2.2

geometry

A property of an input token or output primitive used to define its shape, position, orientation and extent.

2.9.3

binding

The action of assigning a property to either an output primitive or an input token.

2.9.4

unbinding

The action of un-assigning a property from either an output primitive or an input token.

2.9.5

clipping

The action of constraining the geometric shape and extent of either an output primitive or input token to be within a specified region.