ISO/IEC TR 24772-2:2020 プログラミング言語—プログラミング言語の脆弱性を回避するためのガイダンス—パート2：エイダ | ページ 6

3.1

abnormal representation

representation of an object that is incomplete or that does not represent any valid value of the object’s subtype

3.2

access-to-object

pointer to an object

3.3

access-to-subprogram

pointer to a subprogram (function or procedure)

3.4

access type

type for objects that designate (point to) objects or subprograms

Note 1 to entry: This is often called a pointer (3.38) type in other languages.

3.5

access value

value of an access type (3.4) that is either null or designates another object or subprogram

3.6

allocator

construct that allocates storage from the heap or from a storage pool (3.45)

3.7

aspect specification

mechanism used to specify assertions about the behaviour of subprograms, types and objects as well as operational and representational attributes (3.9) of various kinds of entities

3.8

atomic

characteristic of an object that guarantees that every access to an object is an indivisible access to the entity in memory instead of possibly partial, repeated manipulation of a local or register copy

3.9

attribute

characteristic of a declaration that can be queried by special syntax to return a value corresponding to the requested attribute

3.10

bit ordering

implementation defined (3.32) value that is either High_Order_FirstorLow_Order_First that permits the specification or query of the way that bits are represented in memory within a single memory unit

3.11

bounded error

error that does not need to be detected either prior to or during run time, but if not detected falls within a bounded range of possible effects

3.12

case statement

statement that provides multiple paths of execution dependent on the value of the selecting expression, but which have only one of the alternative sequences selected

Note 1 to entry: A selecting expression is understood to be an expression that is part of a case statement or case expression (3.13) and that determines which choice is taken in executing the case statement or evaluating the case expression; it is of discrete type (3.19) .

3.13

case expression

expression that provides multiple paths of execution dependent on the value of the selecting expression, but which have only one of the alternative dependent expressions evaluated

Note 1 to entry: A selecting expression is understood to be an expression that is part of a case statement (3.12) or case expression and that determines which choice is taken in executing the case statement or evaluating the case expression; it is of discrete type (3.19) .

3.14

case choice

alternative defined in the case statement (3.12) or case expression (3.13) which are required to be of the same type as the type of the selecting expression in the case statement or case expression, and by which all possible values of the selecting expression are required to be covered

Note 1 to entry: A selecting expression is understood to be an expression that is part of a case statement or case expression and that determines which choice is taken in executing the case statement or evaluating the case expression; it is of discrete type (3.19) .

3.15

configuration pragma

directive to the compiler that is used to select partition (3.37) -wide or system-wide options and that applies to all compilation units appearing in the compilation or all future compilation units compiled into the same environment

Note 1 to entry: A compilation unit is understood to be the smallest Ada syntactic construct that can be submitted to the compiler, and that is usually held in a single compilation file.

3.16

controlled type

type descended from the language-defined type controlled or limited_controlled which is a specialized type in Ada where the declarer can tightly control the initialization, assignment, and finalization of objects of the type

3.17

dead store

assignment to a variable that is not used in subsequent instructions

3.18

default expression

expression of the formal object type that is used to initialize the formal object if an actual object is not provided

3.19

discrete type

integer type or enumeration type (3.23)

3.20

discriminant

parameter for a composite type that is used at elaboration of each object of the type to configure the object

3.21

endianness

byte ordering

3.22

enumeration representation clause

clause used to specify the internal codes for enumeration literals

3.23

enumeration type

discrete type (3.19) defined by an enumeration of its values, which are named by identifiers (3.31) or character literals, including the types character and boolean

3.24

erroneous execution

unpredictable result of an execution arising from an error that is not bounded by the language, but that does not need to be detected by the implementation either prior to or during run time

3.25

exception

mechanism to detect an exceptional situation and to initiate processing dedicated to recover from the exceptional situation

Note 1 to entry: Exceptions are raised explicitly by user code or implicitly by language-defined checks.

3.26

expanded name

name that is disambiguated from other identical names by prepending the name with the name of the enclosing scope

Note 1 to entry: For example, the name of an entity E within a package (or any other named enclosing entity) P is expanded or disambiguated by using the alternate name P.E instead of the simple name E.

3.27

fixed-point type

real-valued type with a specified error bound (called the"delta" of the type) that provide arithmetic operations carried out with fixed precision rather than the relative precision of floating-point types

3.28

generic formal subprogram

parameter to a generic package used to specify a subprogram or operator

3.29

hiding

process where a declaration can be hidden, either from direct visibility, or from all visibility, within certain parts of its scope

3.30

homograph

property of two declarations such that they have the same name, and do not overload each other according to the rules of the language

3.31

identifier

simplest form of a name

3.32

implementation defined

defined by a set of possible effects of a construct where the implementation may choose to implement any effect in the set of possible effects

3.33

modular type

integer type with values in the range 0.. modulus – 1 with wrap-around semantics for arithmetic operations, bit-wise"and" and"or" operations, and when defined in package Interfaces, arithmetic and logical shift operations

3.34

obsolescent feature

language feature that has been declared to be obsolescent or deprecated and documented in ISO/IEC 8652:2012, Annex J

3.35

operational and representation attribute

value of certain implementation-dependent characteristics obtained by querying the applicable attributes (3.9) and possibly specified by the user

3.36

overriding indicator

indicator that specifies the intent that an operation does or does not override ancestor operations by the same name, and used by the compiler to verify that the operation does (or does not) override an ancestor operation

3.37

partition

part of a program that consists of a set of library units such that each partition executes in a separate address space, possibly on a separate computer, and can execute concurrently with and communicate with other partitions

3.38

pointer

access object or access value (3.5)

3.39

pragma

directive to the compiler

3.40

range check

run-time check that ensures the result of an operation is contained within the range of allowable values for a given type or subtype, such as the check done on the operand of a type conversion

3.41

record representation clause

mechanism to specify the layout of components within records, that is, their order, position, and size

3.42

scalar type

any one of numeric, Boolean, enumeration, character and access types (3.4)

3.43

static expression

expression with statically known operands that are computed with exact precision by the compiler

3.44

storage place attribute

integer attribute (3.9) that specify, for a component of a record, the component position and size within the record

Note 1 to entry: The storage place attributes are: Position, First_Bit and Last_Bit.

3.45

storage pool

named location in an Ada program where all objects of a single access type (3.4) are allocated

3.46

storage subpool

separately reclaimable subdivision of a storage pool that is identified by a subpool handle

3.47

subtype declaration

construct that allows programmers to declare a named entity that defines a possibly restricted subset of values of an existing type or subtype, typically by imposing a constraint, such as specifying a smaller range of values

3.48

task

separate thread of control that proceeds independently and concurrently between the points where it interacts with other tasks from the same program

3.49

unused variable

variable that is declared but neither read nor written to in the program

3.50

volatile

characteristic of an object that guarantees that updates to the object are always seen in the same order by all tasks (3.48)

Note 1 to entry: All atomic (3.8) objects are volatile.