ISO/TR 21275:2017 ゴム—ゴム産業におけるプロセスヒュームの組成と性質の包括的なレビュー | ページ 6

3.1

accelerator

compounding ingredient used in small amounts with a vulcanizing agent to increase the speed of vulcanization and/or enhance the physical properties of the vulcanizate

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.5]

3.2

activator

compounding ingredient used in small proportions to increase the effectiveness of an accelerator

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.6]

3.3

ageing

<act of> exposure of a material to an environment for a period of time

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.13]

3.4

ageing

<effect of> irreversible change of material properties during exposure to an environment for a period of time

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.14]

3.5

antidegradant

compounding ingredient used to retard deterioration by ageing

Note 1 to entry: Antidegradant is a generic term for certain additives such as antioxidants, antiozonants, waxes and other protective materials.

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.21]

3.6

antioxidant

compounding ingredient used to retard deterioration caused by oxidation

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.24]

3.7

autoclave

pressurized vessel used for vulcanizing rubber in a vapour or gas

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.33]

3.8

benzene

C₆ H₆

simplest member of the aromatic series of hydrocarbons

Note 1 to entry: It is colourless liquid with a b.p. of 80 °C and is used in the manufacture of many organic compounds.

3.9

blank

piece of rubber compound of suitable shape and volume to fill the mould

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.44]

3.10

bonding agent

substance, usually in liquid form, coated onto another material and used to produce a good bond between the material and rubber

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.54, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]

3.11

butadiene

ch₂CHCHCH₂

buta-1,3-diene

gas used in the manufacture of polybutadiene rubber and as one of the copolymers in the manufacture of styrene-butadiene and nitrile rubbers

3.12

calender

machine with two or more essentially parallel rolls, operating at selected surface speeds, nips and temperatures, for such operations as sheeting, laminating, skim coating (topping) and friction coating of a product to a controlled thickness and/or controlled surface characteristics

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.65]

3.13

carbon black

compounding ingredient consisting essentially of more than 95 % elemental carbon in the form of near-spherical particles with major diameters less than 1 µm, generally coalesced into aggregates

Note 1 to entry: Carbon black is produced by incomplete burning or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons.

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.66]

3.14

chlorohydrin rubbers

class of synthetic elastomers based on epichlorohydrin

3.15

chloroprene rubber

cr

elastomeric materials composed of chloroprene

Note 1 to entry: It has fair to good resistance to petroleum-based fluids and good resistance to ozone and weathering.

[SOURCE:ISO 5598:2008, 3.2.96]

3.16

chlorosulfonated polyethylene

CSPE

elastomer made by substituting chlorine and sulfonyl chloride groups into polyethylene

Note 1 to entry: The material is best known by the trade name Hypalon (DuPont).

3.17

compound

intimate mixture of a rubber or rubbers or other polymer-forming materials with all the ingredients necessary for the finished product

Note 1 to entry: The term rubber is sometimes used to mean compound, but this use is deprecated.

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.96]

3.18

compounding

development of rubber compounds which will effectively withstand the conditions under which the products made from them are to be used

Note 1 to entry: The mixes so developed must be capable of being processed in the factory without undue difficulty.

Note 2 to entry: The term is also applied to the assembling of elastomer and compounding ingredients ready for mixing.

3.19

compounding ingredient

substance added to a rubber or rubber latex to form a mix

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.97]

3.20

compression moulding

moulding process in which the blank is placed directly in the mould cavity and compressed to shape by closure of the mould

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.98]

3.21

conveyor belting

belting used mainly in the transmission of materials, although increasing use is being made of conveyor belting in the transportation of passengers

3.22

crosslinking

<act of> insertion of crosslinks between or within rubber chains to give a network structure

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.118]

3.23

curing

application of accelerators and temperature for the establishment of chemical crosslinks between macromolecules of rubber

Note 1 to entry: This term is synonymous with vulcanization only in case of mixes containing sulfur. Some other chemicals are also used to establish these crosslink, for example, peroxide.

Note 2 to entry: The word curing is generally paired with a specific method, e.g. press curing, open steam curing, cold curing.

3.24

dispersion

<act of> distribution of one or more ingredients into a rubber, a rubber blend or a continuum material, by the application of shearing forces, in order to confer optimum and uniform properties

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.147]

3.25

double bond

bivalent gap

ethylenic linkage

bond in which two valency bonds link two atoms in a molecule

Note 1 to entry: It is typical of compounds showing unsaturation, such as ethylene. A double bond does not indicate extra strength of the bond but rather chemical instability and reactivity.

3.26

elastomer

macromolecular material which returns rapidly to approximately its initial dimensions and shape after substantial deformation by a weak stress and release of the stress

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.161]

3.27

extender

organic material used as a replacement for a portion of the rubber required in a compound

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.171]

3.28

extruder

machine which, through the use of a screw or a hydraulic ram, continuously shapes a material by forcing it through a die or dies

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.176]

3.29

filler

solid compounding ingredient, in particulate form, which may be added in relatively large proportions to a rubber or rubber latex for technical or economic purposes

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.184]

3.30

injection moulding

moulding process in which a rubber compound is forced into a closed mould from a separate chamber, by a pressure which is independent of the mould clamping force

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.242]

3.31

internal mixer

machine with temperature controls containing one or more rotors operating in a closed cavity used to masticate and/or to incorporate and disperse compounding ingredients into the rubber

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.242]

3.32

isoprene

2-methyl-1,3-butadiene

ch₂C(CH₃)CHCH₂

liquid hydrocarbon with boiling point 34°C

Note 1 to entry: It is regarded as the unit molecule of natural rubber, which is polyisoprene (3.43) . Synthetic polyisoprene is marketed under a variety of trade names.

3.33

latex

colloidal aqueous dispersion of a polymeric material

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.250]

3.34

mill

two-roll mill

machine with two counter-rotating rolls, frequently heated or cooled, usually driven at different speeds, and having an adjustable nip for mastication, mixing, blending, warm-up or sheeting

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.274]

3.35

mix

mixture of rubber in any form with other compounding ingredients

Note 1 to entry: The term can apply to an incomplete rubber compound.

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.278]

3.36

mixer

machine which, through the action of mechanical work (shear), incorporates and disperses compounding ingredients into rubber(s) to form a mix or compound

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.279]

3.37

moulding

<process> process of shaping a material in a mould by applying pressure and, usually, heat

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.288]

3.38

natural rubber

cis-1,4-polyisoprene obtained from the botanical source Hevea brasiliensis

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.295]

3.39

nitrile rubber

elastomer resulting from the copolymerization of butadiene and acrylonitrile

3.40

oil resistance

resistance of an elastomer to swelling and ultimate degradation due to contact with or immersion in an oil

3.41

open mill

mill in which the rolls are exposed, in contrast to those of an internal mixer

3.42

plasticizer

compounding ingredient used to enhance the flexibility of a rubber or product, especially at low temperature

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.333]

3.43

polyisoprene

polymerized isoprene

Note 1 to entry: Naturally occurring polyisoprene are natural rubber (cis-form) and gutta percha (trans-form).

Note 2 to entry: The use of stereospecific catalysts has made possible the manufacture of synthetic cis-polyisoprene and trans-polyisoprene both of which are available commercially.

3.44

polymer

substance composed of molecules characterized by the multiple repetition of one or more species of atoms or groups of atoms (constitutional units) linked to each other in amounts sufficient to provide a set of properties that do not vary markedly with the addition or removal of one or a few of the constitutional units

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.341]

3.45

processing

variety of operations required to convert a raw elastomer into finished products

Note 1 to entry: Processing include calendering, compounding (3.18) , curing (3.23) , extrusion, mastication, mixing, spreading.

3.46

resin cure

vulcanization of elastomers effected by the incorporation in the compound of certain polymeric resins derived from the condensation of formaldehyde with 4-alkyl phenols

Note 1 to entry: Most frequently used with butyl and EPDM compounds for enhanced heat resistance.

3.47

retarder

compounding ingredient used to reduce the tendency of a rubber compound to vulcanize prematurely

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.383]

3.48

rubber

<products> family of polymeric materials which are flexible and elastic

Note 1 to entry: Rubber can be substantially deformed under stress, but recovers quickly to near its original shape when the stress is removed. It is usually made from a mixture of materials (solid or liquid), and in most products the base polymer is crosslinked by either chemical or physical links.

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.394]

3.49

rubber

<raw material> natural or synthetic elastic polymer (elastomer) which forms the basis of the compound used in many rubber products

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.395]

3.50

rubber

<rubber goods manufacturing> synonym for compound (the preferred term)

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.396]

3.51

silicone rubber

polyorganosiloxane, having a backbone structure consisting of alternating silicone and oxygen atoms with organic groups, usually methyl, vinyl or phenyl radicals, attached to the silicone member

Note 1 to entry: It is an elastomer of the silicone family.

3.52

unsaturation

<organic compounds> linking of some of the atoms of the molecule by more than one valency bond i.e., double or triple bonds

3.53

vulcanization

cure

process, usually involving heat, in which rubber, through a change in its chemical structure (for example, crosslinking), is converted to a condition in which the elastic properties are conferred or re-established or improved or extended over a greater range of temperatures

Note 1 to entry: In some cases, the process is carried to a point where the substance becomes rigid, e.g. ebonite.

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.513]

3.54

vulcanizing agent

curative

curing agent

compounding ingredient that produces crosslinking in rubber

[SOURCE:ISO 1382:2012, 2.515]

3.55

zinc oxide

activator in rubber compounds containing organic accelerators