ISO/TR 25901-1:2016 溶接および関連プロセス — 語彙 — Part 1: 一般用語 | ページ 4

2.1.1.1

溶接

2つ以上の部品が結合され、熱または圧力またはその両方によって、被加工物材料の性質に連続性を もたらす接合プロセス。充填材（2.1.10.4） の使用の有無

注記1溶接工程は， 表面仕上げ（2.1.9.1） 及び再溶融にも使用することができる。

2.1.1.2

融接

溶加材（2.1.10.4） の添加の有無にかかわらず、融合面が溶融しなければならない、外力を加えない局所的な溶融を伴う 溶接（2.1.1.1） 。

2.1.1.3

溶接

溶接結果（2.1.1.1）

注記 1溶接には， 溶接金属（2.1.2.1） 及び 熱影響部（2.1.2.2） が含まれる。

2.1.1.4

溶接物

1 つまたは複数 の溶接継手を組み込んだアセンブリ (2.1.4.2)

2.1.1.5

親材料

基材

溶接（2.1.1.1） 、ろう付け溶接またはろう付けによって接合または表面処理される材料

2.1.1.6

母材の厚さ

材料の厚さ

溶接される材料の 呼び厚さ（2.1.7.7）

2.1.1.7

親金属

ベースメタル

金属 母材 (2.1.1.5)

2.1.1.8

手溶接

電極（2.3.8） ホルダー，ガン， トーチ（2.3.9） 又はブローパイプを手で操作する 溶接（2.1.1.1） 。

2.1.1.9

一部機械化溶接

半自動溶接

ワイヤ供給where機械化されている 手動溶接（2.1.1.8）

2.1.1.10

機械化された溶接

完全に機械化された溶接

必要な 溶接パラメータ（2.4.1） where機械的または電子的手段によって維持される 溶接（2.1.1.1）

注記1 溶接作業者（2.5.25） による溶接パラメータの手動調整は，溶接中に可能である。

2.1.1.11

自動溶接

プロセス中に 溶接オペレーター（2.5.25） の介入なしにすべての操作が実行される 溶接（2.1.1.1）

注記1溶接作業者が溶接中に 溶接パラメータ（2.4.1） を手動で調整することはできない。

2.1.1.12

ロボット溶接

ロボット装置によって実行および制御される 溶接 (2.1.1.1)

2.1.1.13

ガウジング

溶融または燃焼により溝を形成する熱切断プロセスのバリエーション

2.1.1.14

アークガウジング

アーク切断プロセスのバリエーションを使用した ガウジング (2.1.1.13)

2.1.1.15

エアアークガウジング

カーボン 電極（2.3.8） と圧縮空気を使用した ガウジング（2.1.1.13）

2.1.2.1

溶接金属

すべての金属は 溶接中に溶融し (2.1.1.1) 、 溶接部に保持されます (2.1.1.3) 。

2.1.2.2

熱影響部

HAZ

微細構造が影響を受けた溶融していない 母材金属（2.1.1.7） の部分。

2.1.2.3

溶接部

溶接金属を含むゾーン (2.1.2.1) と 熱影響ゾーン (2.1.2.2)

2.1.2.4

溶着金属

溶接中に追加された溶加材 (2.1.1.1)

2.1.2.5

フュージョンライン

溶接部（2.1.1.3） の断面で決定される、 溶接金属（2.1.2.1） と溶融していない 母材（2.1.1.7） との間の界面。

2.1.2.6

融合ゾーン

溶接金属 (2.1.2.1) 、 溶接 (2.1.1.3) の断面で決定される、溶融した 親金属 (2.1.1.7) の一部

2.1.2.7

すべての溶接金属

希釈（2.1.2.12 ）なしの溶着金属（2.1.2.4 ）からなる 溶接金属（2.1.2.1 ）。

2.1.2.8

溶接プール

溶融池

融接中に形成される液体金属のプール (2.1.1.2)

グレード 1 からエントリ:エレクトロスラグ溶接では、この用語には スラグ (2.1.10.9) 浴が含まれます。

2.1.2.9

溶接したまま

溶接（2.1.1.1） 後の溶接 （2.1.1.3） の状態。その後の熱的、機械的、または化学的処理の前。

注記 1:自然老化する可能性のある合金 (例: 一部のアルミニウム合金) の場合、溶接されたままの状態は限られた期間しか持続しません。

2.1.2.10

フェライト数

FN

公称オーステナイト系またはオーステナイト系フェライト（二相系）タイプのステンレス鋼 溶接金属（2.1.2.1） の磁気特性に基づくフェライト含有量を指定する任意の標準化された値。

2.1.2.11

冶金学的偏差

<溶接> 溶接金属 (2.1.2.1) or 熱影響部 (2.1.2.2) の機械的特性および/または金属組織の、 母材金属の特性 (2.1.1.7) と比較した変化。

2.1.2.12

希釈

溶融 親金属 (2.1.1.7) と 堆積金属 (2.1.2.4) の混合量で、溶融親金属と全溶融質量の比率として表される

2.1.2.13

希釈率

パーセンテージで表される 希釈 (2.1.2.12)

2.1.2.14

残留溶接応力

溶接の結果として金属部品または構造に残る応力 (2.1.1.1)

2.1.2.15

強度溶接

応力に耐えるように設計された 溶接（2.1.1.3）

2.1.2.16

ジョイント効率

母材の強度 (2.1.1.7) に対する 接合部の強度 (2.1.4.1) の比率。百分率で表される

2.1.3.1

imperfection

discontinuity in the weld (2.1.1.3) or a deviation from the intended geometry

Note 1 to entry: Imperfections are cracks, lack of penetration, porosity, slag (2.1.10.9) inclusions.

2.1.3.2

internal imperfection

imperfection (2.1.3.1) that is not open to a surface or not directly accessible

2.1.3.3

systematic imperfection

imperfections (2.1.3.1) that are repeatedly distributed in the weld (2.1.1.3) over the weld lengths to be examined

2.1.3.4

projected area

area where imperfections (2.1.3.1) distributed along the volume of the weld (2.1.1.3) under consideration are imaged two-dimensionally

2.1.3.5

hot crack(s)

material separations occurring at high temperatures along the grain boundaries (dendrite boundaries) when the level of strain and the strain rate exceed a certain level

Note 1 to entry: Small cracks visible only at magnifications greater than 50×, are often described as microcracks.

2.1.3.6

solidification crack

hot crack (2.1.3.5) formed during solidification from the liquid phase of weld metals (2.1.2.1)

Note 1 to entry: It usually extends up to the surface of the weld metal, but sometimes can be subsurface.

2.1.3.7

liquation crack

hot crack (2.1.3.5) formed by liquation in the heat-affected zone (2.1.2.2) of the parent material (2.1.1.5) or in multirun welds where weld metal (2.1.2.1) is reheated by subsequent runs (2.1.8.4)

2.1.3.8

ductility dip crack

hot crack (2.1.3.5) formed during welding (2.1.1.1) by a reduction in hot ductility

Note 1 to entry: As with a liquation crack (2.1.3.7) , it can occur in the heat-affected zone (2.1.2.2) of the parent material (2.1.1.5) or in multirun welds.

2.1.3.9

cold crack(s)

local rupture (intergranular or transgranular) appearing in a weld (2.1.1.3) as a result of a critical combination of microstructure, stress and hydrogen content

2.1.4.1

joint

junction of workpieces or the edges of workpieces that are to be joined or have been joined

2.1.4.2

welded joint

assembly that is produced by welding (2.1.1.1) together two or more parts

2.1.4.3

multiple joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where three or more parts meet at any required angles to each other

2.1.4.4

parallel joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where the parts lie parallel to each other

2.1.4.5

butt joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where the parts lie in the same plane and against one another at an angle of 135° to 180°

2.1.4.6

T-joint

angle joint (2.1.4.8) where the parts meet each other forming a T-shape

2.1.4.7

lap joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where the parts lie parallel to each other (0° to 5°) and overlap each other

2.1.4.8

angle joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where one part meets the other at an acute angle greater than 5° but not more than 90°

Note 1 to entry: For a fillet weld (2.1.6.11) , the angle is over 5° and less than 45°.

Note 2 to entry: For a butt weld (2.1.6.3) , the angle is between 45° to 90° inclusive.

2.1.4.9

corner joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where two parts meet at their edges at an angle between 30° and 135° to each other

2.1.4.10

edge joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where two parts meet at their edges at an angle of 0° to 30°

2.1.4.11

cross joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where two parts lie crossing over each other

2.1.4.12

cruciform joint

type of joint (2.1.4.1) where two parts lying in the same plane each meet, at right angles, a third part lying between them

2.1.4.13

homogeneous joint

welded joint (2.1.4.2) in which the weld metal (2.1.2.1) and parent material (2.1.1.5) have no significant differences in mechanical properties and/or chemical composition

Note 1 to entry: A welded joint (2.1.4.2) made of similar parent materials (2.1.1.5) without filler metal is considered homogeneous.

2.1.4.14

heterogeneous joint

welded joint (2.1.4.2) in which the weld metal (2.1.2.1) and parent material (2.1.1.5) have significant differences in mechanical properties and/or chemical composition

2.1.4.15

dissimilar material joint

welded joint (2.1.4.2) in which the parent materials (2.1.1.5) have significant differences in mechanical properties and/or chemical composition

2.1.5.1

edge preparation

surface prepared on the edges of a part to be welded

2.1.5.2

joint preparation

weld preparation

configuration of the workpieces to be joined after each individual part has been suitably prepared and assembled

2.1.5.3

fusion face

surface of the parent metal (2.1.1.7) to be melted during welding (2.1.1.1)

2.1.5.4

feather edge

complete absence of a root face (2.1.5.10)

2.1.5.5

gap

air gap

distance at any cross section between edges, ends or surfaces to be joined

2.1.5.6

edge distance

distance between the centre of a weld (2.1.1.3) and the nearest edge of the workpiece

2.1.5.7

root

DEPRECATED:root of weld

zone on the opposite side from where the welding (2.1.1.1) was performed

2.1.5.8

root gap

gap (2.1.5.5) between the root faces (2.1.5.10)

2.1.5.9

root radius

radius of the curved portion of the fusion face (2.1.5.3) in a part prepared for a single-J, single-U, double-J or double-U weld

2.1.5.10

root face

portion of a fusion face (2.1.5.3) that is not beveled or grooved

2.1.5.11

land

part of a fusion face (2.1.5.3) that supports the weld pool (2.1.2.8)

Note 1 to entry: An example is the horizontal area between the root face (2.1.5.10) and the curved part of a J or U preparation.

2.1.5.12

bevel angle

angle between the bevel of a joint (2.1.4.1) member and a plane perpendicular to the surface of the member

2.1.5.13

included angle

groove angle

angle between the planes of the fusion faces (2.1.5.3) of parts to be welded

2.1.6.1

full penetration weld

weld (2.1.1.3) with a complete fusion penetration (2.1.7.3)

2.1.6.2

partial penetration weld

weld (2.1.1.3) in which the fusion penetration (2.1.7.3) is intentionally less than full penetration

2.1.6.3

butt weld

groove weld

weld (2.1.1.3) other than a fillet weld (2.1.6.11) made in a groove or in a square preparation

2.1.6.4

single-J butt weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) in a single-J preparation

2.1.6.5

double-J butt weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) in a double-J preparation

2.1.6.6

single-U butt weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) in a single-U preparation

2.1.6.7

double-U butt weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) in a double-U preparation

2.1.6.8

single-V butt weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) in a single-V preparation

2.1.6.9

double-V butt weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) in a double-V preparation

2.1.6.10

square butt weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) in a square preparation

2.1.6.11

fillet weld

triangular weld (2.1.1.3) between two or more parts for joining a T-joint (2.1.4.6) , corner joint (2.1.4.9) or lap joint (2.1.4.7)

2.1.6.12

plug weld

weld (2.1.1.3) made by filling a circular or elongated hole in one part of a workpiece with filler metal so as to join it to the surface of an overlapping part exposed through the hole

2.1.6.13

seal weld

weld (2.1.1.3) intended primarily to provide tightness against leakage of gas or fluid

2.1.6.14

slot weld

weld (2.1.1.3) between two overlapping parts made by depositing a fillet weld (2.1.6.11) round the periphery of a hole in one part so as to join it to the surface of the other part exposed through the hole

2.1.6.15

intermittent weld

series of weld elements made at intervals along a joint (2.1.4.1)

2.1.6.16

staggered intermittent weld

intermittent weld (2.1.6.15) on each side of a joint (2.1.4.1) arranged so that the welds on one side lie opposite to the spaces on the other side along the joint

Note 1 to entry: These are usually fillet welds (2.1.6.11) in T-joints (2.1.4.8) and lap joints (2.1.4.7) .

Note 2 to entry: A staggered intermittent weld is illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1—Staggered intermittent weld

Key

1	weld
2	workpiece

2.1.6.17

chain intermittent weld

intermittent weld (2.1.6.15) on each side of a joint (2.1.4.1) arranged so that the welds lie opposite to one another along the joint

Note 1 to entry: These are usually fillet welds (2.1.6.11) in T-joints (2.1.4.8) and lap joints (2.1.4.7) .

Note 2 to entry: A chain intermittent weld is illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 2—Chain intermittent weld

Key

1	weld
2	workpiece

2.1.6.18

flare-bevel weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) between a joint member with a curved surface and another with a planar surface

2.1.6.19

flare-V weld

butt weld (2.1.6.3) between two members with curved surfaces

2.1.7.1

weld width

shortest distance between the outer toes of the surface of a weld (2.1.1.3)

2.1.7.2

weld thickness

thickness of the weld metal (2.1.2.1) , including any reinforcements

2.1.7.3

fusion penetration

depth to which the fusion face (2.1.5.3) of the parent metal (2.1.1.7) has been fused

2.1.7.4

penetration depth

deposit thickness

DEPRECATED:weld metal thickness

thickness of the weld metal (2.1.2.1) , excluding any reinforcement

2.1.7.5

leg length

distance from the actual or projected intersection of the fusion faces (2.1.5.3) and the toe of a fillet weld (2.1.6.11) , measured across the fusion face

2.1.7.6

throat thickness

thickness of a fillet weld (2.1.6.11)

2.1.7.7

nominal thickness

thickness specified in material standards without tolerances

2.1.7.8

nominal throat thickness

design value of the height of the largest isosceles triangle that can be inscribed in the section of a fillet weld (2.1.6.11)

Note 1 to entry: Nominal throat thickness is illustrated in Figure 3 as item 1.

Figure 3—Nominal throat thickness

Key

1	nominal throat thickness
2	deep penetration throat thickness

2.1.7.9

deep penetration throat thickness

nominal throat thickness (2.1.7.8) or effective throat thickness (2.1.7.10) to which a certain amount of fusion penetration (2.1.7.3) is added

Note 1 to entry: Deep penetration throat thickness is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 as item 2.

2.1.7.10

effective throat thickness

design value of the height of the largest triangle that can be inscribed in the section of a fillet weld (2.1.6.11)

Note 1 to entry: Effective throat thickness is illustrated in Figure 4 as item 1.

Figure 4—Effective throat thickness

Key

1	effective throat thickness
2	deep penetration throat thickness

2.1.7.11

actual throat thickness

throat thickness (2.1.7.6) of the finalized weld (2.1.1.3)

Note 1 to entry: Actual throat thickness depends on the chosen design throat thickness (2.1.7.12) .

2.1.7.12

design throat thickness

throat thickness (2.1.7.6) specified by the designer

2.1.8.1

welding process

particular method of welding (2.1.1.1) involving the application of certain metallurgical, electrical, physical, chemical or mechanical principles

2.1.8.2

welding technique

manner in which an electrode (2.3.8) , a blowpipe or a similar appliance is manipulated

2.1.8.3

keyhole technique

welding technique (2.1.8.2) in which concentrated heat source penetrates through a workpiece, forming a hole (keyhole) at the leading edge of the weld pool (2.1.2.8)

Note 1 to entry: As the heat source progresses, the hole moves with it.

2.1.8.4

run

pass

bead

metal melted or deposited during one passage of an electrode (2.3.8) , torch (2.3.9) or blowpipe

Note 1 to entry: The term pass is commonly used in beam welding.

2.1.8.5

stringer bead

run (2.1.8.4) formed without appreciable weaving

2.1.8.6

temper bead

<multirun welding> run which normalizes the runs (2.1.8.4) below and provides preheating (2.4.13) for the successive runs

2.1.8.7

bead on plate

single run (2.1.8.4) made with filler material (2.1.10.4) on the surface of a parent material (2.1.1.5)

2.1.8.8

melt run

line of parent material (2.1.1.5) that has been melted by passing a welding heat source such as a flame, arc, electron or laser beam along the surface of the material

Note 1 to entry:no filler material (2.1.10.4) is used.

2.1.8.9

melting rate

burn-off rate

mass or length of electrode (2.3.8) consumed per unit of time

2.1.8.10

deposition rate

mass of metal deposited per unit of productive weld time

2.1.8.11

capping run

<multilayer welding> run(s) (2.1.8.4) visible on the weld face(s) after completion of welding (2.1.1.1)

2.1.8.12

cosmetic run

cosmetic pass

run (2.1.8.4) for superficial remelting of the weld (2.1.1.3) in order to enhance appearance

2.1.8.13

layer

stratum of weld metal (2.1.2.1) consisting of one or more runs (2.1.8.4)

2.1.8.14

finishing welding

production welding (2.5.15) carried out in order to remove casting defects and core openings to ensure the agreed quality of castings

2.1.8.15

overlap

<lap joint> minimum distance between the edges of overlap plates

Note 1 to entry: The term “overlap” also represents the concept defined in 2.1.8.16.

2.1.8.16

overlap

<multirun welding> portion of the welding run (2.1.8.4) remelted by the adjoining run

Note 1 to entry: The term “overlap” also represents the concept defined in 2.1.8.15.

2.1.8.17

bead toe

longitudinal boundary line between the runs (2.1.8.4) , or between a run and the parent material (2.1.1.5)

2.1.8.18

weld toe

boundary between the surface of the weld (2.1.1.3) and the parent metal (2.1.1.7)

2.1.8.19

root run

root pass

first run (2.1.8.4) deposited in the root (2.1.5.7) of a multirun weld (2.1.1.3)

2.1.8.20

filling run

<multilayer welding> run(s) (2.1.8.4) deposited after the root run(s) (2.1.8.19) and before the capping run(s) (2.1.8.11)

2.1.8.21

back run

DEPRECATED:sealing run

final run (2.1.8.4) deposited on the root (2.1.5.7) side of a fusion weld (2.1.1.3)

2.1.8.22

continuous weld

weld (2.1.1.3) extending along the entire length of a joint (2.1.4.1)

2.1.8.23

single-run welding

welding (2.1.1.1) in which the weld (2.1.1.3) is made in one run (2.1.8.4)

2.1.8.24

single-side welding

one side welding

welding (2.1.1.1) in which the weld (2.1.1.3) is made from one side of the workpiece

2.1.8.25

both-side welding

double-side welding

two side welding

welding (2.1.1.1) in which the weld (2.1.1.3) is made from both sides of the workpiece

2.1.8.26

both-side single-run welding

both-side welding (2.1.8.25) in which the weld (2.1.1.3) is made by single runs (2.1.8.4) from each side

2.1.8.27

both-side multirun welding

multirun welding from both sides

both-side welding (2.1.8.25) in which the weld (2.1.1.3) is made by multiruns from each side

2.1.8.28

multirun welding

welding (2.1.1.1) in which the run (2.1.8.4) is made on a previous run

2.1.8.29

back-step sequence

weld sequence (2.1.8.36) in which short lengths of run (2.1.8.4) are deposited in a direction opposite to the general progress of welding (2.1.1.1) the joint (2.1.4.1)

Note 1 to entry: The short lengths eventually produce a continuous weld (2.1.8.22) or an intermittent weld (2.1.6.15) .

2.1.8.30

back-step welding

welding technique (2.1.8.2) in which short lengths of weld (2.1.1.3) are deposited in a direction opposite to the general progress of welding (2.1.1.1) the joint (2.1.4.1) , in such a way that the end of one length overlaps the beginning of the previous length

2.1.8.31

tack weld

weld (2.1.1.3) used to fix the workpieces or assemblies to be joined in their proper position for welding (2.1.1.1)

2.1.8.32

tack welding

making of a tack weld (2.1.8.31)

2.1.8.33

tacking run

tacking pass

run (2.1.8.4) made to hold the parts to be welded in proper alignment until the final welds (2.1.1.3) are made

2.1.8.34

welding cycle

complete series of events involved in the making of a weld

2.1.8.35

workplace

area(s) in which the worker’s activities are carried out

2.1.8.36

weld sequence

order in which welds (2.1.1.3) are made on a workpiece

2.1.8.37

weld run sequence

order in which the runs (2.1.8.4) of a weld (2.1.1.3) are made

2.1.8.38

temporary weld

weld (2.1.1.3) made to attach a piece(s) to a weldment (2.1.1.4) for temporary use in handling, shipping or working on the weldment

2.1.8.39

stud welding

joining of a metal stud or similar part to a workpiece

Note 1 to entry: Welding (2.1.1.1) may be accomplished by arc, resistance, friction or other suitable process with or without external gas shielding.

2.1.8.40

field weld

site weld

weld (2.1.1.3) made outside workshops usually at the place of final installation

2.1.9.1

surfacing

deposition of material on a surface to obtain desired properties and/or dimensions

2.1.9.2

overlay welding

surfacing (2.1.9.1) by means of welding (2.1.1.1)

2.1.9.3

heat resistant overlay welding

overlay welding (2.1.9.2) in which the cladding (2.1.9.10) is used to obtain improved heat resistance

2.1.9.4

corrosion resistant overlay welding

overlay welding (2.1.9.2) in which the cladding (2.1.9.10) is used to obtain improved corrosion resistance

2.1.9.5

buttering

overlay welding (2.1.9.2) to provide a suitable transition between the parent material (2.1.1.5) and subsequent welds (2.1.1.3)

2.1.9.6

buffering

buttering (2.1.9.5) prior to welding (2.1.1.1) together of highly dissimilar materials

2.1.9.7

building up

build up

overlay welding (2.1.9.2) to obtain or restore required dimensions

2.1.9.8

hardfacing

overlay welding (2.1.9.2) to increase wear and/or impact resistance

2.1.9.9

strip surfacing

strip cladding

overlay welding (2.1.9.2) with a strip electrode (2.3.8)

2.1.9.10

cladding

material deposited on the parent material (2.1.1.5) in order to produce a clad material

2.1.9.11

cladding process

surfacing (2.1.9.1) used for applying cladding (2.1.9.10)

Note 1 to entry: Cladding processes are overlay welding (2.1.9.2) , hot rolling, explosive welding, etc.

2.1.10.1

welding consumable

material consumed in the making of a weld (2.1.1.3)

Note 1 to entry: The term includes filler material (2.1.10.4) and auxiliary material (2.1.11.1) .

2.1.10.2

consumable insert

fusible insert

filler material (2.1.10.4) that is placed at the root (2.1.5.7) of the joint (2.1.4.1) before welding (2.1.1.1) to be completely fused into the weld metal (2.1.2.1)

2.1.10.3

consumable electrode

electrode (2.3.8) that is consumed during welding (2.1.1.1) and forms a part of the weld (2.1.1.3)

2.1.10.4

filler material

welding consumable (2.1.10.1) added during welding (2.1.1.1) to form the weld (2.1.1.3)

2.1.10.5

filler rod

rod

welding rod

filler material (2.1.10.4) in the form of a rod which can be a part of the welding (2.1.1.1) circuit

2.1.10.6

solid rod

filler rod (2.1.10.5) that is solid, not being a part of the welding (2.1.1.1) circuit

2.1.10.7

filler wire

filler material (2.1.10.4) in the form of a wire which can be a part of the welding (2.1.1.1) circuit

2.1.10.8

flux

welding flux

substantially non-metallic auxiliary material (2.1.11.1) used to clean the surfaces of the joint (2.1.4.1) chemically, to prevent atmospheric oxidation, and to reduce impurities or float them to the surface in the form of slag (2.1.10.9)

2.1.10.9

slag

non-metallic substance that results from fusion of an electrode (2.3.8) covering or a flux (2.1.10.8) , and which, after solidification, partly or totally covers the weld metal (2.1.2.1)

2.1.10.10

shielding gas

protective gas used to prevent or reduce atmospheric contamination

2.1.10.11

clad steel

combination of two or more dissimilar metals bonded inseparably together by a cladding process (2.1.9.11)

Note 1 to entry: The parent metal (2.1.1.7) is always steel.

2.1.10.12

baking

heating of welding consumables (2.1.10.1) to produce a specific diffusible hydrogen level in the weld metal (2.1.2.1)

Note 1 to entry: Baking is usually carried out by the consumable manufacturer.

2.1.10.13

drying

<welding> heating of welding consumables (2.1.10.1) to remove moisture

2.1.10.14

drying oven

heated receptacle in which the welding consumables (2.1.10.1) are dried to remove or keep out all the moisture

2.1.11.1

auxiliary material

welding consumable (2.1.10.1) not part of the finished weld (2.1.1.3)

Note 1 to entry: Auxiliary materials are shielding gases (2.1.10.10) , fluxes (2.1.10.8) , etc.

2.1.11.2

gas shield

shroud of gas surrounding the weld zone (2.1.2.3) to protect the weld pool (2.1.2.8) from chemical reaction with the surrounding atmosphere

2.1.11.3

trailing gas shield

additional supply of shielding gas (2.1.10.10) protecting the weld (2.1.1.3) and the weld area during cooling

2.1.11.4

carrier gas

gas used to transport metal powder to the weld pool (2.1.2.8)

Note 1 to entry: Typical carrier gases are nitrogen, helium and argon.

2.1.11.5

backing

material, flux (2.1.10.8) or gas in contact with the reverse side of a joint preparation (2.1.5.2)

2.1.11.6

backing gas

root gas

gas used for gas backing (2.1.11.7)

2.1.11.7

gas backing

backing (2.1.11.5) using gas primarily for the purpose of preventing atmospheric reaction

2.1.11.8

purging gas

gas used for the purpose of replacing the atmosphere in a hollow section and subsequently for gas backing (2.1.11.7)

2.1.11.9

backing flux

flux (2.1.10.8) used for flux backing (2.1.11.10)

2.1.11.10

flux backing

backing (2.1.11.5) using flux (2.1.10.8) primarily for the purpose of preventing atmospheric reaction

Note 1 to entry: In submerged arc welding flux backing may also reduce the risk of a weld pool (2.1.2.8) collapse.

2.1.11.11

material backing

backing (2.1.11.5) using material for the purpose of supporting molten weld metal (2.1.2.1)

2.1.11.12

permanent backing

material backing (2.1.11.11) that is not intended to be removed from the workpiece after welding (2.1.1.1)

Note 1 to entry: It may be partially fused or remain unfused.

2.1.11.13

temporary backing

material backing (2.1.11.11) intended to be removed from the workpiece after welding (2.1.1.1)

2.1.11.14

run-on plate

piece of material that extends beyond the beginning of the joint (2.1.4.1) , enabling the full section of weld (2.1.1.3) to be obtained at the beginning of a joint

2.1.11.15

run-off plate

piece of material that extends beyond the end of the joint (2.1.4.1) , enabling the full section of weld (2.1.1.3) to be maintained up to the end of a joint

2.2.1.1

macroscopic examination

examination of a test specimen (2.2.1.6) by the naked eye, or under low magnification (generally less than 50×), with or without etching

2.2.1.2

microscopic examination

examination of a test specimen (2.2.1.6) by a microscope with a magnification of generally 50× to 500×, with or without etching

2.2.1.3

all-weld metal test

test to determine the properties of all-weld metal (2.1.2.7)

2.2.1.4

all-weld metal test specimen

test specimen (2.2.1.6) that is composed of all-weld metal (2.1.2.7) over the portion to be tested

2.2.1.5

test piece

welded assembly which is used for testing purposes

2.2.1.6

test specimen

part or portion cut from the test piece (2.2.1.5) in order to perform specified destructive testing (2.2.3.1)

2.2.1.7

testing organization

internal or external organization carrying out destructive testing (2.2.3.1) or non-destructive testing (2.2.4.1)

2.2.2.1

cracking test

test to determine the susceptibility to cracking of the weld metal (2.1.2.1) or parent metal (2.1.1.7)

2.2.2.2

cold cracking test

cracking test (2.2.2.1) to determine the susceptibility to cold cracking of a welded joint (2.1.4.2)

2.2.2.3

hot cracking test

cracking test (2.2.2.1) to determine the susceptibility to hot cracking of a welded joint (2.1.4.2)

2.2.2.4

tested welding consumable

welding consumable (2.1.10.1) or consumable combination tested in accordance with appropriate standards for the testing of welding consumables

2.2.3.1

destructive testing

testing to detect internal or external imperfections (2.1.3.1) , or assess mechanical or metallurgical properties by mechanical means, which generally result in the destruction of the material

2.2.3.2

face bend test

bend test where the surface of the weld (2.1.1.3) is in tension

2.2.3.3

face bend test specimen

test specimen (2.2.1.6) used in a face bend test (2.2.3.2)

2.2.3.4

root bend test

bend test where the root (2.1.5.7) of the weld (2.1.1.3) is in tension

2.2.3.5

root bend test specimen

test specimen (2.2.1.6) used in a root bend test (2.2.3.4)

2.2.3.6

side bend test

bend test in which the face of the transverse section of the weld (2.1.1.3) is in tension

2.2.3.7

side bend test specimen

test specimen (2.2.1.6) used in a side bend test (2.2.3.6)

2.2.3.8

longitudinal bend test specimen

test specimen (2.2.1.6) for a bend test that is longitudinally bisected by the portion of the weld (2.1.1.3) included in it

2.2.3.9

transverse bend test specimen

test specimen (2.2.1.6) for a bend test that is transversely bisected by the portion of the weld (2.1.1.3) included in it

2.2.4.1

non-destructive testing

act of determining the suitability of some material or component for its intended purpose using techniques that to do not affect its serviceability

2.2.4.2

indication

<non-destructive testing> representation or signal from a discontinuity

2.2.4.3

linear indication

<non-destructive testing> indication (2.2.4.2) having a length greater than three times its width

2.2.4.4

non-linear indication

<non-destructive testing> indication (2.2.4.2) having a length less than, or equal to three times its width

2.2.4.5

testing level

degree of thoroughness and selection of parameter settings with which a non-destructive testing (2.2.4.1) method is applied

2.2.4.6

evaluation level

test level above which an indication (2.2.4.2) is evaluated

2.2.4.7

recording level

<non-destructive testing> evaluation level (2.2.4.6) from which an indication (2.2.4.2) is recorded

2.3.1

welding equipment

individual apparatus used in welding (2.1.1.1)

2.3.2

welding unit

welding installation (2.3.3) including auxiliary apparatus

2.3.3

welding installation

DEPRECATED:welding plant

complete apparatus used in welding (2.1.1.1) consisting of welding equipment (2.3.1) and welding accessories (2.3.5)

2.3.4

manipulator

device to hold, tilt and rotate the workpiece to the desired position

2.3.5

welding accessories

auxiliary items used in welding (2.1.1.1)

2.3.6

a.c. welding generator

welding (2.1.1.1) generator producing alternating current

2.3.7

d.c. welding generator

welding (2.1.1.1) generator producing a direct current

2.3.8

electrode

component that transfers electrical energy to the metal in order to form a weld (2.1.1.3) or make a cut

2.3.9

torch

device that conveys all services necessary to the arc for welding (2.1.1.1) , cutting or allied processes

2.4.1

welding parameters

information needed for the performance of welding (2.1.1.1) with a specified welding procedure (2.5.3)

Note 1 to entry: Examples of welding parameters are: welding consumables (2.1.10.1) , welding current, welding voltage, travel speed (2.4.7) , pre- and post-heating times and temperatures, interpass temperatures (2.4.12) , and weld sequence (2.1.8.36) .

2.4.2

welding variable

variable which influences the characteristics of the welded joint (2.1.4.2)

2.4.3

welding data

numerical values for welding variables (2.4.2)

2.4.4

essential variable

welding parameter (2.4.1) that requires qualification

2.4.5

non-essential variable

welding parameter (2.4.1) addressed in the welding procedure specification (2.5.4) but not requiring qualification

2.4.6

welding speed

<fusion welding> length of a single or multirun weld (2.1.1.3) completed in a unit of time

2.4.7

travel speed

rate at which the heat source progresses relative to the workpiece(s)

2.4.8

welding time

time required for making a weld (2.1.1.3) , excluding preparatory or finishing operations

2.4.9

dwell time

<fusion welding> time during which the energy source pauses at any point in each oscillation

2.4.10

heat input

energy introduced into the weld region during welding (2.1.1.1)

Note 1 to entry: Heat input is usually expressed per unit length.

2.4.11

heat time

duration of each successive current impulse

2.4.12

interpass temperature

temperature in the most recently completed run (2.1.8.4) of a multirun weld (2.1.1.3) and adjacent parent metal (2.1.1.7) immediately prior to the application of the next run

Note 1 to entry: It is normally expressed as a maximum temperature.

2.4.13

preheating

heating of an appropriate area of a workpiece before welding (2.1.1.1) , normally to achieve the preheat temperature (2.4.14)

2.4.14

preheat temperature

preheating temperature

temperature of the workpiece in the weld zone (2.1.2.3) immediately prior to any welding (2.1.1.1) operation

2.4.15

preheat maintenance temperature

minimum temperature in the weld zone (2.1.2.3) to be maintained if welding (2.1.1.1) is interrupted

2.4.16

post-weld heat treatment

application of heat to an assembly after welding (2.1.1.1) , brazing, soldering, thermal spraying or cutting

Note 1 to entry: Post-weld heat treatment is typically used as a stress relief treatment.

2.5.1

welding coordination

coordination of manufacturing operations for all welding (2.1.1.1) and welding-related activities

2.5.2

welding inspection

conformity evaluation of welding variables (2.4.2) by observation and judgment accompanied as appropriate by measurement or testing

Note 1 to entry: Welding inspection is a part of welding coordination (2.5.1) .

2.5.3

welding procedure

specified course of action to be followed in making a weld (2.1.1.3) , including the welding process(es) (2.1.8.1), reference to materials, welding consumables (2.1.10.1) , preparation, preheating (2.4.13) (if necessary), method and control of welding (2.1.1.1) and post-weld heat treatment (2.4.16) (if relevant), and necessary equipment to be used

2.5.4

welding procedure specification

WPS

document that has been qualified and provides the required variables of the welding procedure (2.5.3) to ensure repeatability during production welding (2.5.15)

2.5.5

standard welding procedure specification

welding procedure specification (2.5.4) which has been qualified by a welding procedure test (2.5.7) not related to the manufacturer and qualified by an examiner (2.5.29) or examining body (2.5.30)

Note 1 to entry: A standard welding procedure may then be made available to any manufacturer.

2.5.6

preliminary welding procedure specification

pWPS

document containing the required variables of the welding procedure (2.5.3) which has to be qualified

2.5.7

welding procedure test

welding (2.1.1.1) and testing of a standardized test piece (2.2.1.5) , as indicated in the preliminary welding procedure specification (2.5.6) , in order to qualify a welding procedure (2.5.3)

2.5.8

pre-production welding test

welding test having the same function as a welding procedure test (2.5.7) , but based on a non-standard test piece (2.2.1.5) , representative of the production conditions

2.5.9

function test

test of a welding unit (2.3.2) set-up in accordance with a welding procedure specification (2.5.4)

2.5.10

production sample testing

testing of actual welded products sampled from a continuous production

2.5.11

production test

welding test carried out in the production environment with the welding unit (2.3.2) , on actual products or on simplified test pieces (2.2.1.5) , before or during an interruption of normal production

2.5.12

welding procedure qualification record

WPQR

record comprising all necessary data needed for qualification of a preliminary welding procedure specification (2.5.6)

2.5.13

previous welding experience

practice authenticated by test data demonstrating that established welding procedures (2.5.3) in production welding (2.5.15) have been capable of consistently producing welds of acceptable quality over a period of time

2.5.14

welding conditions

conditions under which welds are made

Note 1 to entry: Welding conditions can include environmental factors (e.g. weather), stress and ergonomic factors (e.g. noise, heat, cramped working conditions) and workpiece-related factors [e.g. parent metal (2.1.1.7) , joint preparation (2.1.5.2) and welding procedure (2.5.3) ].

2.5.15

production welding

welding (2.1.1.1) carried out during manufacture before final delivery to the end user

2.5.16

work instruction

simplified specification of the welding procedure (2.5.3) , suitable for direct application in the workshop

2.5.17

quality level

description of the quality of a weld (2.1.1.3) on the basis of type, size and amount of selected imperfections (2.1.3.1)

2.5.18

range of qualification

extent of qualification for an essential variable (2.4.4)

2.5.19

fitness-for-purpose

ability of a product, process or service to serve a defined purpose under specific conditions

2.5.20

batch

collection of one or more units of product, made in a single production run

2.5.21

weld batch

several welds made by the same welder (2.5.24) or welding operator (2.5.25) using a single welding procedure (2.5.3)

2.5.22

qualified person

person whose competence and knowledge have been obtained by education, training and/or relevant practical experience

Note 1 to entry: In order to demonstrate the level of competence and knowledge, a qualification test may be required.

2.5.23

welding coordinator

qualified person (2.5.22) responsible for welding coordination (2.5.1)

2.5.24

welder

person who holds and manipulates the electrode (2.3.8) holder, torch (2.3.9) or blowpipe during welding (2.1.1.1)

2.5.25

welding operator

person who controls or adjusts any welding parameter (2.4.1) for mechanized welding (2.1.1.10) or automatic welding (2.1.1.11)

2.5.26

weld setter

person who sets up welding equipment (2.3.1) for mechanized welding (2.1.1.10) or automatic welding (2.1.1.11)

2.5.27

manufacturing organization

<welding> workshop or site or both which is (are) under the same technical and quality management

2.5.28

welding inspector

qualified person (2.5.22) responsible for welding inspection (2.5.2)

2.5.29

examiner

person who has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard

Note 1 to entry: In certain cases, an external independent examiner can be required.

2.5.30

examining body

organization that has been appointed to verify compliance with the applicable standard

Note 1 to entry: In certain cases, an external independent examining body can be required.